Abstract
Extract: Hemorrhagic atelectasis was successfully produced in newborn rabbits by pharmacologically narrowing airways leading to alveoli ventilated with oxygen-enriched gas. Between 48% and 62% of alveoli filled with blood cells. Areas of lung with a tendency to collapse were measured by pressure volume studies. Animals given supplemental oxygen retained 56% of total lung volume compared with 79% in the pilocarpine group, which suggested increased effectiveness of antiatelectasis factors in the latter. Less total lung gas was present in the pilocarpine group (4.0 ± 0.4 cc/g) compared with oxygen controls (5.1 ± 0.81 cc/g), which indicated more noninflatable lung. Neither surfactant deficiency nor heart failure needed to be present for pulmonary hemorrhage to occur.
Speculation: Neonates are at increased risk of pulmonary hemorrhagic atelectasis because of their incomplete pulmonary anatomic development, if their airways become obstructed while breathing high concentrations of oxygen.
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Kotas, R., Wells, T., Mims, L. et al. A New Model for Neonatal Pulmonary Hemorrhage Research. Pediatr Res 9, 161–165 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-197504000-00003
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-197504000-00003