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The implications of ageing and life expectancy in prostate cancer treatment

Nature Reviews Urology volume 13, pages 289–295 (2016)Cite this article

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Abstract

In patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, the selection of treatment, including the type of therapy and its aggressiveness, is often based on a patient's age and life expectancy. Life expectancy estimates are too often calculated solely on the patient's chronological age, overlooking comorbid conditions and their severity, which can greatly affect life expectancy. If, in addition to chronological age, comorbid conditions are used to assess a patient's life expectancy, the most appropriate treatment options are more likely to be selected. Older, healthy patients might be able to tolerate more aggressive treatment than would be administered on the basis of their age alone, and younger patients with numerous comorbid conditions could avoid harsh therapy that might not be appropriate given their current state of health. The key idea to consider in treatment selection is what a patient's quality of life would be like with or without a particular treatment option. In an era of precision medicine, decisions regarding the provision of health care should be made rationally and on the basis of objective estimates of the threat of disease and the benefits and costs of intervention and within the context of the patient's characteristics and desires.

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Figure 1: Population growth of the segment of the US population aged ≥65 years of age.
Figure 2: Pie charts indicating primary treatment patterns in the USA stratified by age.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Angela Abouassi and Jeri Kim are at the Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Sarathi Kalra, Spyridon Basourakos, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,

    Sarathi Kalra, Spyridon Basourakos, Angela Abouassi & Jeri Kim

  2. Mary Achim and John W. Davis are at the Department of Urology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,

    Mary Achim & John W. Davis

  3. Robert J. Volk is at the Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,

    Robert J. Volk

  4. Karen E. Hoffman is at the Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.,

    Karen E. Hoffman

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Contributions

J.K., S.K., S.B. and A.A. researched data for the article and wrote the article, J.K., S.K. and S.B. made a substantial contribution to the discussion of content, and all authors were involved in the review/editing of the manuscript before submission.

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Correspondence to Jeri Kim.

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Kalra, S., Basourakos, S., Abouassi, A. et al. The implications of ageing and life expectancy in prostate cancer treatment. Nat Rev Urol 13, 289–295 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2016.52

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