A large study has investigated whether a history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or positive STI serology is associated with outcomes of BPH and related lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Although small case–control studies and cross-sectional surveys have indicated an association between STIs and LUTS, Breyer et al. found no associations between most STIs and BPH/LUTs-related outcomes. They did report, however, that Trichomonas vaginalis warrants further study.