In a Taiwanese population-based study involving 5,751 patients with newly diagnosed Sjögren syndrome and 86,265 individuals without Sjögren syndrome, a history of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (NTM), but not tuberculosis infection, was associated with an increased risk of Sjögren syndrome. In subgroup analyses, the association remained statistically significant among patients aged 40–65 years, as well as in female patients and those without bronchiectasis. The authors speculated that shared immunological pathways between the two conditions could explain this association.