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  • Review Article
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Teleneurology and mobile technologies: the future of neurological care

Nature Reviews Neurology volume 14, pages 285–297 (2018)Cite this article

Subjects

Key Points

  • Neurological disorders are the leading cause of global disability; however, much of the world lacks access to proper neurological care.

  • Teleneurology, the use of technology to provide remote neurological care and education, has immense potential to increase access to care for people around the world.

  • Telestroke has realized this potential, and teleneurology applications for chronic conditions are beginning to emerge.

  • Mobile technologies, especially smartphones and wearable sensors, can provide objective, frequent assessments of neurological conditions, but applications of these technologies are in their infancy.

  • In low-income settings, teleneurology can increase local capabilities through education, diagnostic assistance and consultation.

  • In high-income settings, neurological care will expand and migrate from hospitals and clinics to homes and mobile devices, incorporate systems of asynchronous communications and integrate clinicians with diverse skill sets.

Abstract

Neurological disorders are the leading cause of global disability. However, for most people around the world, current neurological care is poor. In low-income countries, most individuals lack access to proper neurological care, and in high-income countries, distance and disability limit access. With the global proliferation of smartphones, teleneurology — the use of technology to provide neurological care and education remotely — has the potential to improve and increase access to care for billions of people. Telestroke has already fulfilled this promise, but teleneurology applications for chronic conditions are still in their infancy. Similarly, few studies have explored the capabilities of mobile technologies such as smartphones and wearable sensors, which can guide care by providing objective, frequent, real-world assessments of patients. In low-income settings, teleneurology can increase the capacity of local care systems through professional development, diagnostic support and consultative services. In high-income settings, teleneurology is likely to promote the expansion and migration of neurological care away from institutions, incorporate systems of asynchronous communication (such as e-mail), integrate clinicians with diverse skill sets and reach new populations. Inertia, outdated policies and social barriers — especially the digital divide — will slow this progress at considerable cost. However, a future increasingly will be possible in which neurological care can be accessed by anyone, anywhere. Here, we examine the emerging evidence regarding the benefits of teleneurology for chronic conditions, its role and risks in low-income countries and the promise of mobile technologies to measure disease status and deliver care. We conclude by discussing the future trends, barriers and timing for the adoption of teleneurology.

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Figure 1: Proliferation of teleneurology studies.
Figure 2: Migration of telehealth.
Figure 3: Number of mobile broadband subscriptions, globally.
Figure 4: Rise in number of telemedicine visits.

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Acknowledgements

E.R.D. was supported through a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute Program Award (DI-1605-35338) and from grants from the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P20NS092529-02) and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund (1016426). G.L.B. was supported by the University of Rochester's Rykenboer Professorship and by the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS094037). L.H.S. was supported by the Massachusetts General Hospital Center for TeleHealth, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (CDRN-1306-04608) and the US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (UO1 NS077179 and U10 NS086729).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

    E. Ray Dorsey, Alistair M. Glidden, Melissa R. Holloway & Gretchen L. Birbeck

  2. Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

    E. Ray Dorsey & Gretchen L. Birbeck

  3. Epilepsy Care Team, Chikankata Hospital, Mazabuka, Zambia

    Gretchen L. Birbeck

  4. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Lee H. Schwamm

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All authors researched data for the Review, made substantial contributions to the discussion of the content of the article and reviewed and edited the manuscript before submission. E.R.D., G.L.B. and L.H.S. wrote the article.

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Correspondence to E. Ray Dorsey.

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Competing interests

E.R.D. is a member of the medical advisory board and owns stock options in Grand Rounds, an online second-opinion service, is a consultant to MC10, a wearable sensor company, and has research grants related to telehealth from AbbVie, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the Greater Rochester Health Foundation, the US NIH, the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and the Safra Foundation. L.H.S. is a consultant to and owns stock options in LifeImage, a teleradiology company, and is the teleneurology consultant to several network research grants from the US NIH and the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. G.L.B., A.M.G., and M.R.H. have no competing interests to declare.

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Dorsey, E., Glidden, A., Holloway, M. et al. Teleneurology and mobile technologies: the future of neurological care. Nat Rev Neurol 14, 285–297 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2018.31

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