Controlled clinical trials have demonstrated a substantial reduction in all long-term complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) if an HbA1c level of <7% is achieved. Long-acting insulin analogues have now been developed; however, their role in the intensive therapy of patients with T1DM is debatable.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
A programmable synthetic lineage-control network that differentiates human IPSCs into glucose-sensitive insulin-secreting beta-like cells
Nature Communications Open Access 11 April 2016
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Hirsch, I. B. et al. Insulin degludec/insulin aspart administered once daily at any meal, with insulin aspart at other meals versus a standard basal-bolus regimen in patients with type 1 diabetes: a 26-week phase 3, randomized, open-label, treat-to-target trial. Diabetes Care http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc11-2503.
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 977–986 (1993).
DCCT/EDIC Research Group et al. Intensive diabetes therapy and glomerular filtration rate in type 1 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 365, 2366–2376 (2011).
Nathan, D. M. et al. Intensive diabetes treatment and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 2643–2653 (2005).
Birkeland, K. I. et al. Insulin degludec in type 1 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial of a new-generation ultra-long-acting insulin compared with insulin glargine. Diabetes Care 34, 661–665 (2011).
Heller, S. et al. Insulin degludec, an ultra-long acting basal insulin, versus insulin glargine in basal-bolus treatment with mealtime insulin aspart in type 1 diabetes (BEGIN Basal-Bolus Type 1): a phase 3, randomised, open-label, treat-to-target non-inferiority trial. Lancet 379, 1489–1497 (2012).
Le-Floch, J.-P. et al. Comparison of once- versus twice-daily administration of insulin detemir, used with mealtime insulin aspart, in basal-bolus therapy for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 32, 32–37 (2009).
Deeb, L. C., Tan, M. H. & Alberti, K. G. Insulin availability among International Diabetes Federation member associations. Report of the Task Force on Insulin Distribution. Diabetes Care 17, 220–223 (1994).
Monami, M., Marchionni, N. & Mannucci, E. Long-acting insulin analogues vs. NPH human insulin in type 1 diabetes. A meta-analysis. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 11, 372–378 (2009).
Sanches, A. C., Correr, C. J., Venson, R. & Pontarolo, R. Revisiting the efficacy of long-acting insulin analogues on adults with type 1 diabetes using mixed-treatment comparisons. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 94, 333–339 (2011).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing financial interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nathan, D. Long-acting insulin analogues—are benefits worth the cost?. Nat Rev Endocrinol 8, 699–700 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2012.208
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2012.208
