Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Comment
  • Published:

Pharmacogenetic tests: the need for a level playing field

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery volume 12, pages 3–4 (2013)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

The delivery of more personalized medicinecould be accelerated by addressing the substantial differences in the level of evidence required for the inclusion of pharmacogenetic tests in treatment guidelines, drug labelling and reimbursement schemes compared with that needed for non-genetic diagnostic tests.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Relevant articles

Open Access articles citing this article.

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

References

  1. Sauer, J. M., Ring, B. J. & Witcher, J. W. Clinical pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 44, 571–590 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Ciszkowski, C., Madadi, P., Phillips, M. S., Lauwers, A. E. & Koren, G. Codeine, ultrarapid-metabolism genotype, and postoperative death. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 827–828 (2009).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Zineh, I. et al. Allopurinol pharmacogenetics: assessment of potential clinical usefulness. Pharmacogenomics 12, 1741–1749 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Mallal, S. et al. HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to abacavir. N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 568–579 (2008).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chen, P. et al. Carbamazepine-induced toxic effects and HLA-B*1502 screening in Taiwan. N. Engl. J. Med. 364, 1126–1133 (2011).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Munir Pirmohamed is at the Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, University of Liverpool, 1–5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.,

    Munir Pirmohamed

  2. Dyfrig A. Hughes is at the Centre for Health Economics and Medicines Evaluation, Institute of Medical and Social Care Research, Bangor University, Dean Street, Bangor LL57 1UT, UK.,

    Dyfrig A. Hughes

Authors
  1. Munir Pirmohamed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dyfrig A. Hughes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Munir Pirmohamed.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Related links

Related links

FURTHER INFORMATION

European Medicines Agency publishes guideline on use of pharmacogenetics in evaluating pharmacokinetics of medicines

SmPC for atomoxetine

SmPC for aztreonam

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pirmohamed, M., Hughes, D. Pharmacogenetic tests: the need for a level playing field. Nat Rev Drug Discov 12, 3–4 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd3921

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd3921

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing