Abstract
The response of a cell to the myriad of signals that it receives is varied, and it is dependent on many different factors. The most-studied responses involve growth-factor signalling and these signalling cascades have become key targets for cancer therapy. Recent reports have indicated that growth-factor receptors and associated adaptors can accumulate in the nucleus. Are there novel functions for these proteins that might affect our understanding of their role in cancer and have implications for drug resistance?
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Schlessinger, J. Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases. Cell 103, 211–225 (2000).
Le Roy, C. & Wrana, J. L. Signaling and endocytosis: a team effort for cell migration. Dev. Cell 9, 167–168 (2005).
Le Roy, C. & Wrana, J. L. Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 6, 112–126 (2005).
McMahon, H. T. & Mills, I. G. COP and clathrin-coated vesicle budding: different pathways, common approaches. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 16, 379–391 (2004).
Mills, I. G. et al. Huntingtin interacting protein 1 modulates the transcriptional activity of nuclear hormone receptors. J. Cell Biol. 170, 191–200 (2005).
Miaczynska, M. et al. APPL proteins link Rab5 to nuclear signal transduction via an endosomal compartment. Cell 116, 445–56 (2004).
Lin, S. Y. et al. Nuclear localization of EGF receptor and its potential new role as a transcription factor. Nature Cell Biol. 3, 802–808 (2001).
Giri, D. K. et al. Endosomal transport of ErbB-2: mechanism for nuclear entry of the cell surface receptor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 25, 11005–11018 (2005).
Lo, H. W. et al. Nuclear interaction of EGFR and STAT3 in the activation of the iNOS/NO pathway. Cancer Cell 7, 575–589 (2005).
Williams, C. C. et al. The ERBB4/HER4 receptor tyrosine kinase regulates gene expression by functioning as a STAT5A nuclear chaperone. J. Cell Biol. 167, 469–478 (2004).
Wanker, E. E. et al. HIP-I: a huntingtin interacting protein isolated by the yeast two-hybrid system. Hum. Mol. Genet. 6, 487–495 (1997).
Rao, D. S. et al. Altered receptor trafficking in Huntingtin Interacting Protein 1-transformed cells. Cancer Cell 3, 471–482 (2003).
Rao, D. S. et al. Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 is overexpressed in prostate and colon cancer and is critical for cellular survival. J. Clin. Invest. 110, 351–360 (2002).
Chen, C. D. et al. Molecular determinants of resistance to antiandrogen therapy. Nature Med. 10, 33–39 (2004).
Raper, S. E., Burwen, S. J., Barker, M. E. & Jones, A. L. Translocation of epidermal growth factor to the hepatocyte nucleus during rat liver regeneration. Gastroenterology 92, 1243–1250 (1987).
Marti, U. et al. Nuclear localization of epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptors in human thyroid tissues. Thyroid 11, 137–145 (2001).
Lipponen, P. & Eskelinen, M. Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in bladder cancer as related to established prognostic factors, oncoprotein (c-erbB-2, p53) expression and long-term prognosis. Br. J. Cancer 69, 1120–1125 (1994).
Lo, H. W. et al. Novel prognostic value of nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor in breast cancer. Cancer Res. 65, 338–348 (2005).
Wells, A. et al. Ligand-induced transformation by a noninternalizing epidermal growth factor receptor. Science 247, 962–964 (1990).
Vieira, A. V., Lamaze, C. & Schmid, S. L. Control of EGF receptor signaling by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Science 274, 2086–2089 (1996).
Marti, U. & Hug, M. Acinar and cellular distribution and mRNA expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor are changed during liver regeneration. J. Hepatol. 23, 318–327 (1995).
Ni, C. Y., Murphy, M. P., Golde, T. E. & Carpenter, G. γ-Secretase cleavage and nuclear localization of ErbB-4 receptor tyrosine kinase. Science 294, 2179–2181 (2001).
Dittmann, K. et al. Radiation-induced epidermal growth factor receptor nuclear import is linked to activation of DNA-dependent protein kinase. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 31182–31189 (2005).
Prudovsky, I. A., Savion, N., LaVallee, T. M. & Maciag, T. The nuclear trafficking of extracellular fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 correlates with the perinuclear association of the FGF receptor-1α isoforms but not the FGF receptor-1β isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 14198–14205 (1996).
Mitsuuchi, Y. et al. Identification of a chromosome 3p14. 3–21.1 gene, APPL, encoding an adaptor molecule that interacts with the oncoprotein-serine/threonine kinase AKT2. Oncogene 18, 4891–4898 (1999).
Habermann, B. The BAR-domain family of proteins: a case of bending and binding? EMBO Rep. 5, 250–255 (2004).
Altschuler, Y. et al. Redundant and distinct functions for dynamin-1 and dynamin-2 isoforms. J. Cell Biol. 143, 1871–1881 (1998).
Saporita, A. J. et al. Identification and characterization of a ligand-regulated nuclear export signal in androgen receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 41998–42005 (2003).
Huppert, S. S. et al. Embryonic lethality in mice homozygous for a processing-deficient allele of Notch1. Nature 405, 966–970 (2000).
Wilhelmsen, K. & van der Geer, P. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced release of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor cytoplasmic domain into the cytosol involves two separate cleavage events. Mol. Cell. Biol. 24, 454–464 (2004).
Maatta, J. A. et al. Proteolytic cleavage and phosphorylation of a tumor-associated ErbB4 isoform promote ligand-independent survival and cancer cell growth. Mol. Biol. Cell 17, 67–79 (2006).
Junttila, T. T. et al. Cleavable ErbB4 isoform in estrogen receptor-regulated growth of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 65, 1384–1393 (2005).
Normanno, N. et al. The ErbB receptors and their ligands in cancer: an overview. Curr. Drug Targets 6, 243–257 (2005).
Vecchi, M., Baulida, J. & Carpenter, G. Selective cleavage of the heregulin receptor ErbB-4 by protein kinase C activation. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 18989–18995 (1996).
Rio, C., Buxbaum, J. D., Peschon, J. J. & Corfas, G. Tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme is required for cleavage of erbB4/HER4. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 10379–10387 (2000).
Vidal, G. A., Naresh, A., Marrero, L. & Jones, F. E. Presenilin-dependent γ-secretase processing regulates multiple ERBB4/HER4 activities. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 19777–19783 (2005).
Offterdinger, M., Schofer, C., Weipoltshammer, K. & Grunt, T. W. c-erbB-3: a nuclear protein in mammary epithelial cells. J. Cell Biol. 157, 929–939 (2002).
Fukui, S. et al. Nuclear accumulation of basic fibroblast growth factor in human astrocytic tumors. Cancer 97, 3061–3067 (2003).
Bryant, D. M., Wylie, F. G. & Stow, J. L. Regulation of endocytosis, nuclear translocation, and signaling of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 by E-cadherin. Mol. Biol. Cell 16, 14–23 (2005).
Myers, J. M., Martins, G. G., Ostrowski, J. & Stachowiak, M. K. Nuclear trafficking of FGFR1: a role for the transmembrane domain. J. Cell. Biochem. 88, 1273–1291 (2003).
Stachowiak, M. K., Maher, P. A., Joy, A., Mordechai, E. & Stachowiak, E. K. Nuclear localization of functional FGF receptor 1 in human astrocytes suggests a novel mechanism for growth factor action. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 38, 161–165 (1996).
Tsai, B., Ye, Y. & Rapoport, T. A. Retro-translocation of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 3, 246–255 (2002).
Rodighiero, C., Tsai, B., Rapoport, T. A. & Lencer, W. I. Role of ubiquitination in retro-translocation of cholera toxin and escape of cytosolic degradation. EMBO Rep. 3, 1222–1227 (2002).
Pelkmans, L., Kartenbeck, J. & Helenius, A. Caveolar endocytosis of simian virus 40 reveals a new two-step vesicular-transport pathway to the ER. Nature Cell Biol. 3, 473–483 (2001).
Pelkmans, L. & Helenius, A. Endocytosis via caveolae. Traffic 3, 311–320 (2002).
Mills, I. G., Urbe, S. & Clague, M. J. Relationships between EEA1 binding partners and their role in endosome fusion. J. Cell Sci. 114, 1959–1965 (2001).
Irvine, R. F. Nuclear lipid signalling. Nature Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4, 349–360 (2003).
Byrne, R. D. et al. Nuclear envelope assembly is promoted by phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C with selective recruitment of phosphatidylinositol-enriched membranes. Biochem. J. 387, 393–400 (2005).
Larijani, B., Barona, T. M. & Poccia, D. L. Role for phosphatidylinositol in nuclear envelope formation. Biochem. J. 356, 495–501 (2001).
Barona, T. et al. Diacylglycerol induces fusion of nuclear envelope membrane precursor vesicles. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 41171–41177 (2005).
Vecchi, M. et al. Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of endocytic proteins. J. Cell Biol. 153, 1511–1517 (2001).
Mroczkowski, B., Mosig, G. & Cohen, S. ATP-stimulated interaction between epidermal growth factor receptor and supercoiled DNA. Nature 309, 270–273 (1984).
Basu, M., Biswas, R. & Das, M. 42,000-molecular weight EGF receptor has protein kinase activity. Nature 311, 477–480 (1984).
Chen, H. H. et al. Increased expression of nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with poor survival in cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 63, 1093–1100 (2005).
Vakkala, M. et al. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in in situ and invasive breast carcinomas. Clin. Cancer Res. 6, 2408–2416 (2000).
Clark, D. E. et al. ERBB4/HER4 potentiates STAT5A transcriptional activity by regulating novel STAT5A serine phosphorylation events. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 24175–24180 (2005).
Dittmann, K., Mayer, C. & Rodemann, H. P. Inhibition of radiation-induced EGFR nuclear import by C225 (Cetuximab) suppresses DNA-PK activity. Radiother. Oncol. 76, 157–161 (2005).
Baselga, J. The EGFR as a target for anticancer therapy — focus on cetuximab. Eur. J. Cancer 37, S16–S22 (2001).
Arasada, R. R. & Carpenter, G. Secretase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Mdm2 by the ErbB-4 intracellular domain fragment. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 30783–30787 (2005).
Zhu, Y. et al. Coregulation of estrogen receptor by ERBB4/HER4 establishes a growth promoting autocrine signal in breast tumor cells. Cancer Res. (in the press).
Hanada, N. et al. Co-regulation of B-Myb expression by E2F1 and EGF receptor. Mol. Carcinog. 45, 10–17 (2006).
Shelton, J. G. et al. The epidermal growth factor receptor gene family as a target for therapeutic intervention in numerous cancers: what's genetics got to do with it? Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 9, 1009–1030 (2005).
Wang, S. C. et al. Binding at and transactivation of the COX-2 promoter by nuclear tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB-2. Cancer Cell 6, 251–261 (2004).
Howe, L. R. et al. HER2/neu-induced mammary tumorigenesis and angiogenesis are reduced in cyclooxygenase-2 knockout mice. Cancer Res. 65, 10113–10119 (2005).
Pelkmans, L. & Helenius, A. Insider information: what viruses tell us about endocytosis. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 15, 414–422 (2003).
Saint-Pol, A. et al. Clathrin adaptor epsinR is required for retrograde sorting on early endosomal membranes. Dev. Cell 6, 525–538 (2004).
Marti, U. & Wells, A. The nuclear accumulation of a variant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) lacking the transmembrane domain requires coexpression of a full-length EGFR. Mol. Cell Biol. Res. Commun. 3, 8–14 (2000).
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the advice and support of D. E. Neal, T. Ross and M.-C. Hung as well as Cancer Research UK and the NCRI/ProMPT prostate cancer research collaborative.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Supplementary information
Supplementary information
Supplementary table 1 and supplementary references (PDF 286 kb)
Related links
Related links
DATABASES
National Cancer Institute
FURTHER INFORMATION
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Massie, C., Mills, I. The developing role of receptors and adaptors. Nat Rev Cancer 6, 403–409 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1882
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc1882
This article is cited by
-
EGFR signaling promotes nuclear translocation of plasma membrane protein TSPAN8 to enhance tumor progression via STAT3-mediated transcription
Cell Research (2022)
-
Trodusquemine: Potential Utility in Wound Regeneration
Regenerative Engineering and Translational Medicine (2022)
-
ErbB1 and ErbB3 co-over expression as a prognostic factor in gastric cancer
Biological Research (2019)
-
Nuclear trafficking of EGFR by Vps34 represses Arf expression to promote lung tumor cell survival
Oncogene (2016)
-
Yes and Lyn play a role in nuclear translocation of the epidermal growth factor receptor
Oncogene (2013)