Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Protocol
  • Published:

Generation of transgenic birds with replication-deficient lentiviruses

Abstract

Birds are of great interest as an animal model in biological research and for commercial applications as a bioreactor. Effective methods for manipulating the avian genome would accelerate progress in fields such as developmental biology and behavioral neurobiology, which traditionally have relied on birds as model systems for biological research. Here we describe a simple and effective protocol for producing transgenic birds using lentiviral vectors that can be used to achieve tissue-specific transgene expression at high levels. The time allotted for the procedure depends upon the species of bird; adult transgenic quails can be generated in approximately 5 months.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1: Diagram of the egg injection process, Steps 7–9.
Figure 2: GFP fluorescence in E6 embryos from two strains of transgenic quails observed by fluorescence microscopy.
Figure 3: Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from F1 and F2 transgenic quails.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Salter, D.W., Smith, E.J., Hughes, S.H., Wright, S.E. & Crittenden, L.B. Transgenic chickens: insertion of retroviral genes into the chicken germ line. Virology 157, 236–240 (1987).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jaenisch, R. Germ line integration and Mendelian transmission of the exogenous Moloney leukemia virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73, 1260–1264 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bosselman, R.A. et al. Germline transmission of exogenous genes in the chicken. Science 243, 533–535 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Mizuarai, S. et al. Production of transgenic quails with high frequency of germ-line transmission using VSV-G pseudotyped retroviral vector. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 286, 456–463 (2001).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ivarie, R. Avian transgenesis: progress towards the promise. Trends Biotechnol. 21, 14–19 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. van de Lavoir, M.C. et al. Germline transmission of genetically modified primordial germ cells. Nature 441, 766–769 (2006).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. McGrew, M.J. et al. Efficient production of germline transgenic chickens using lentiviral vectors. EMBO Rep. 5, 728–733 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Chapman, S.C. et al. Ubiquitous GFP expression in transgenic chickens using a lentiviral vector. Development 132, 935–940 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Scott, B.B. & Lois, C. Generation of tissue-specific transgenic birds with lentiviral vectors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 16443–16447 (2005).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lois, C., Hong, E.J., Pease, S., Brown, E.J. & Baltimore, D. Germline transmission and tissue-specific expression of transgenes delivered by lentiviral vectors. Science 295, 868–872 (2002).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Hofmann, A. et al. Efficient transgenesis in farm animals by lentiviral vectors. EMBO Rep. 4, 1054–1060 (2003).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Hofmann, A. et al. Generation of transgenic cattle by lentiviral gene transfer into oocytes. Biol. Reprod. 71, 405–409 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Lois, C. Generation of transgenic animals using lentiviral vectors. In Mammalian and avian transgenesis: new approaches (eds., Pease, S. & Lois, C.) 1–22 (Springer, Berlin, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Speksnijder, G. & Ivarie, R. A modified method of shell windowing for producing somatic or germline chimeras in fertilized chicken eggs. Poult. Sci. 79, 1430–1433 (2000).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Andacht, T., Hu, W. & Ivarie, R. Rapid and improved method for windowing eggs accessing the stage X chicken embryo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 69, 31–34 (2004).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sambrook, J. & Russel, D.W. Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual 3rd edn. (Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, 2001).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bellairs, R. & Osmond, M. Atlas of chick development 2nd edn. (Elsevier Academic Press, London, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Carlos Lois.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Scott, B., Lois, C. Generation of transgenic birds with replication-deficient lentiviruses. Nat Protoc 1, 1406–1411 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.187

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2006.187

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing