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Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells

Nature Materials volume 3, pages 17–27 (2004)Cite this article

Abstract

Fuel cells will undoubtedly find widespread use in this new millennium in the conversion of chemical to electrical energy, as they offer very high efficiencies and have unique scalability in electricity-generation applications. The solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the most exciting of these energy technologies; it is an all-ceramic device that operates at temperatures in the range 500–1,000 °C. The SOFC offers certain advantages over lower temperature fuel cells, notably its ability to use carbon monoxide as a fuel rather than being poisoned by it, and the availability of high-grade exhaust heat for combined heat and power, or combined cycle gas-turbine applications. Although cost is clearly the most important barrier to widespread SOFC implementation, perhaps the most important technical barriers currently being addressed relate to the electrodes, particularly the fuel electrode or anode. In terms of mitigating global warming, the ability of the SOFC to use commonly available fuels at high efficiency, promises an effective and early reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, and hence is one of the lead new technologies for improving the environment. Here, we discuss recent developments of SOFC fuel electrodes that will enable the better use of readily available fuels.

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Figure 1
Figure 2: Image of a Ni/YSZ cermet by optical and scanning electron microscopies with elemental mapping.
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Acknowledgements

This manuscript is the result of an intense and highly enjoyable workshop organized in Strasbourg, France, December 2002, under the auspices of the European Science Foundation OSSEP programme with support from the US Department of Energy and National Science Foundation. We thank Shanwen Tao (St Andrews) Philippe Stevens (EIER), Jan Van Herle (EPFL) Frank Tietz (Jülich), Jorge Frade (Aveiro), Axel Müller (Karlsruhe), Jan Pieter Ouweltjes (ECN) Anil Virkar (Utah), Olga Marina (PNNL), Truls Norby (Oslo), Tony Petric (McMaster), Elisabeth Siebert (Grenoble), Joseph Sfeir (HTceramix), Wayne Worrell (Pennsylvania), Stuart Adler (Washington), Tatsuya Kawada (Tohoku), Meilin Liu (Georgia), Nguyen Minh (GE) and Anne-Laure Sauvet (Grenoble) for useful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BP, UK

    A. Atkinson

  2. Department of Materials Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, 60208, Illinois, USA

    S. Barnett

  3. University of Pennsylvania Department of Chemical Engineering, Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA

    R. J. Gorte & J. Vohs

  4. School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, Fife, UK

    J. T. S. Irvine

  5. ICMB-FSB, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland

    A. J. McEvoy

  6. Materials Research Department, Risø National Laboratory, PO Box 49, Denmark

    M. Mogensen

  7. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, 99352, Washington, USA

    S. C. Singhal

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Correspondence to J. T. S. Irvine.

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Atkinson, A., Barnett, S., Gorte, R. et al. Advanced anodes for high-temperature fuel cells. Nature Mater 3, 17–27 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat1040

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