This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Li, H.-C. et al. . The presence of ancient human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I provirus DNA in an Andean mummy. Nature Med. 5, 1428–1432 (1999).
Gessain, A., Gallo, R.C. & Franchini, G. Low degree of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I genetic drift in vivo as a means of monitoring viral transmission and movement of ancient human populations. J. Virol. 66, 2288–2295 (1992).
Van Dooren, S. et al. Evidence for a post-Columbian introduction of human T-cell lymphotropic virus in Latin America. J Gen. Virol. 79, 2695–2708 (1998).
Mahieux, R. et al. Molecular epidemiology of 58 new HTLV-I strains: Identification of a new and distinct HTLV-I molecular subtype in Central Africa and in Pygmies. J. Virol. 71, 1317–1333 (1997).
Slattery, J.P., Franchini, G. & Gessain, A. Genomic evolution, patterns of global dissemination, and inter-species transmission of human and simian T-cell leukemia/lymphotropic viruses. Genome Res. 9, 525–540 (1999).
Talarmin, A. et al. First seroepidemiological study and phylogenetic characterization of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and II infection among amerindians in french guiana. J. Gen. Virol. 80, 3083–3088 (1999)
Zaninovic, V. On the etiology of tropical spastic paraparesis and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I-associated myelopathy. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 3, 168–177 (1999).
Vandamme, A.-M., Salemi, M. & Desmyter, J. The simian origins of the pathogenic human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I. Trends Microbiol. 6, 477–483 (1998).
Salemi, M., Desmyter, J. & Vandamme, A.-M. Tempo and mode of human and simian T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs/STLVs) evolution revealed by analyses of full genome sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 17, 374–386 (2000).
Fujiyoshi, T. et al. Characteristic distribution of HTLV type I and HTLV type II carriers among native ethnic groups in South America. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 15, 135–1239 (1999).
Tajima, K. et al. Epidemiological features of HTLV-I carriers and incidence of ATL in an ATL-endemic island: A report of the community-based co-operative study in Tsushima, Japan. Int. J. Cancer 40, 741–746 (1987).
Suzuki, Y., & Gojobori, T. The origin and evolution of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I and II. Virus Genes 16, 69–84 (1998).
Salemi, M. et al. Evolutionary rate and genetic heterogeneity of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) using new isolates from European injection drug users. J. Mol. Evol. 46, 602–611 (1998).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vandamme, AM., Hall, W., Lewis, M. et al. Origins of HTLV-1 in South America (letter 2). Nat Med 6, 232–233 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/73023
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/73023
This article is cited by
-
Palaeomicrobiology: current issues and perspectives
Nature Reviews Microbiology (2005)