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Transient inhibition of ROR-γt therapeutically limits intestinal inflammation by reducing TH17 cells and preserving group 3 innate lymphoid cells

Nature Medicine volume 22, pages 319–323 (2016)Cite this article

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Abstract

RAR-related orphan receptor-γt (ROR-γt) directs differentiation of proinflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells and is a potential therapeutic target in chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases1,2,3. However, ROR-γt–dependent group 3 innate lymphoid cells ILC3s provide essential immunity and tissue protection in the intestine4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, suggesting that targeting ROR-γt could also result in impaired host defense after infection or enhanced tissue damage. Here, we demonstrate that transient chemical inhibition of ROR-γt in mice selectively reduces cytokine production from TH17 but not ILCs in the context of intestinal infection with Citrobacter rodentium, resulting in preserved innate immunity. Temporal deletion of Rorc (encoding ROR-γt) in mature ILCs also did not impair cytokine response in the steady state or during infection. Finally, pharmacologic inhibition of ROR-γt provided therapeutic benefit in mouse models of intestinal inflammation and reduced the frequency of TH17 cells but not ILCs isolated from primary intestinal samples of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Collectively, these results reveal differential requirements for ROR-γt in the maintenance of TH17 cell and ILC3 responses and suggest that transient inhibition of ROR-γt is a safe and effective therapeutic approach during intestinal inflammation.

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Figure 1: Transient chemical inhibition of ROR-γt selectively reduces TH17 responses but not ILC3s in mice infected with C. rodentium.
Figure 2: Transient deletion of ROR-γt impairs TH17 cells but not ILC3s during homeostasis and intestinal infection.
Figure 3: Transient inhibition of ROR-γt selectively limits TH17 cell responses and reduces intestinal inflammation.
Figure 4: Selective reduction of TH17 cells in intestinal tissue from pediatric individuals with Crohn's disease after transient in vitro culture with an ROR-γt inhibitor.

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Acknowledgements

We thank members of G.F.S.'s and D.R.W.'s laboratories for discussions and critical reading of the manuscript. We also thank C. Elson (University of Alabama at Birmingham) for providing CBir1 transgenic mice and valuable expertise, as well as T. Hohl (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center) for experimental expertise. Research in the G.F.S.'s laboratory is supported by the National Institutes of Health (DP5OD012116, R56AI114724 and R01AI123368 to G.F.S.), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Mucosal Immunology Studies Team (MIST) Scholar Award in Mucosal Immunity (to G.F.S.) and the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics Transdisciplinary Program in Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (UL1-RR024134 from the US National Center for Research Resources to G.F.S.) and the Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (297365 to M.R.H.). Research in the D.R.W. laboratory is supported by a Wellcome Trust Research Career Development Fellowship (to D.R.W.).

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Author notes

  1. David R Withers and Gregory F Sonnenberg: These authors jointly directed this work.

  2. gfsonnenberg@med.cornell.edu

Authors and Affiliations

  1. MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK

    David R Withers, Emma C Mackley, Emily E Halford, Emma E Dutton & Clare L Marriott

  2. Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Matthew R Hepworth, Xinxin Wang & Gregory F Sonnenberg

  3. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Matthew R Hepworth, Xinxin Wang & Gregory F Sonnenberg

  4. The Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA

    Matthew R Hepworth, Xinxin Wang & Gregory F Sonnenberg

  5. Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK

    Verena Brucklacher-Waldert & Marc Veldhoen

  6. Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA

    Judith Kelsen & Robert N Baldassano

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Contributions

D.R.W. and G.F.S. designed and performed experiments, analyzed data and wrote the paper; M.R.H., X.W., E.C.M., E.E.H., E.E.D., C.L.M., V.B.-W. and M.V. designed and performed experiments; J.K. and R.N.B. provided critical reagents and expertise.

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Correspondence to David R Withers or Gregory F Sonnenberg.

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Withers, D., Hepworth, M., Wang, X. et al. Transient inhibition of ROR-γt therapeutically limits intestinal inflammation by reducing TH17 cells and preserving group 3 innate lymphoid cells. Nat Med 22, 319–323 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.4046

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