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IL-1 watches the watchmen

Direct antagonism between interleukin1 (IL-1) and the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid tips the balance between differentiation into the TH17 subset of helper T cells or into regulatory T cells by influencing the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5.

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Figure 1: Signaling pathways and transcription factors that regulate the differentiation of TH17 cells and Treg cells.

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Correspondence to Alejandro V Villarino or Arian Laurence.

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Villarino, A., Laurence, A. IL-1 watches the watchmen. Nat Immunol 16, 226–227 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3105

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