Mice immunized with influenza virus in the presence of rapamycin, which blocks the formation of germinal centers, make mostly IgM antibodies that protect against infection with multiple subtypes of influenza virus, including avian viruses.
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McMichael, A., Haynes, B. Influenza vaccines: mTOR inhibition surprisingly leads to protection. Nat Immunol 14, 1205–1207 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2764
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2764