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Delayed hydrological response to Greenland cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas in western Europe

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Abstract

The general warming trend of the last deglaciation was interrupted by the Younger Dryas, a period of abrupt cooling and widespread environmental change1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Ice core records suggest the abrupt cooling began 12,846 years ago in Greenland10, about 170 years before the significant environmental and vegetation change in western Europe7 classically defined as the Younger Dryas. However, this difference in timing falls within age model uncertainties. Here we use the hydrogen isotope composition of lipid biomarkers from precisely dated varved sediments from Lake Meerfelder Maar to reconstruct hydroclimate over western Europe. We observe a decrease in the hydrogen isotope values of both aquatic and terrestrial lipids 12,850 years ago, indicating cooling climate in this region synchronous with the abrupt cooling in Greenland. A second drop occurs 170 years later, mainly in the hydrogen isotope record of aquatic lipids but to a lesser extent in the terrestrial lipids, which we attribute to aridification, as well as a change in moisture source and pathway. We thus confirm that there was indeed a lag between cooling and substantial hydrologic and environmental change in western Europe. We suggest the delay is related to the expansion of sea ice in the North Atlantic Ocean and the subsequent southward migration of the westerly wind system9. We further suggest that these hydrological changes amplified environmental change in western Europe at the onset of the Younger Dryas.

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Figure 1: Location of the MFM and the Greenland ice core record and MFM varve changes at the YD onset.
Figure 2: Palaeoclimate proxy data from MFM and the Greenland ice core record.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a DFG Emmy-Noether grant to D.S. (SA1889/1-1). It is a contribution to the INTIMATE project, which is financially supported as EU COST Action ES0907 and to the Helmholtz Association (HGF) Climate Initiative REKLIM Topic 8, Rapid climate change derived from proxy data, and has used infrastructure of the HGF TERENO program. We thank the Maar Museum in Manderscheid for local support. Laboratory assistance was provided by N. Werner (UP), D. Noack and M. Gabriel (GFZ).

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O.R. carried out the analysis and wrote the paper, A.B. was responsible for lake coring, provided the chronology and stratigraphy and wrote the paper, H.W. contributed to the analysis, data evaluation and writing, D.S. conceived the research, acquired financial support and wrote the paper.

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Correspondence to D. Sachse.

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Rach, O., Brauer, A., Wilkes, H. et al. Delayed hydrological response to Greenland cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas in western Europe. Nature Geosci 7, 109–112 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2053

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