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Adaptive evolution of a key phytoplankton species to ocean acidification

Nature Geoscience volume 5, pages 346–351 (2012)Cite this article

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A Corrigendum to this article was published on 29 November 2012

This article has been updated

Abstract

Ocean acidification, the drop in seawater pH associated with the ongoing enrichment of marine waters with carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning, may seriously impair marine calcifying organisms. Our present understanding of the sensitivity of marine life to ocean acidification is based primarily on short-term experiments, in which organisms are exposed to increased concentrations of CO2. However, phytoplankton species with short generation times, in particular, may be able to respond to environmental alterations through adaptive evolution. Here, we examine the ability of the world’s single most important calcifying organism, the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, to evolve in response to ocean acidification in two 500-generation selection experiments. Specifically, we exposed E. huxleyi populations founded by single or multiple clones to increased concentrations of CO2. Around 500 asexual generations later we assessed their fitness. Compared with populations kept at ambient CO2 partial pressure, those selected at increased partial pressure exhibited higher growth rates, in both the single- and multiclone experiment, when tested under ocean acidification conditions. Calcification was partly restored: rates were lower under increased CO2 conditions in all cultures, but were up to 50% higher in adapted compared with non-adapted cultures. We suggest that contemporary evolution could help to maintain the functionality of microbial processes at the base of marine food webs in the face of global change.

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Figure 1: Phenotypic responses to ∼ 500 generations of selection in E. huxleyi.
Figure 2: Time course of the presence of E. huxleyi genotypes in the multiclone experiment.
Figure 3: Response of correlated traits after selection to increased CO2 levels in the coccolithophore E. huxleyi.

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  • 20 November 2012

    In the version of this article originally published, the y axis scales of Fig. 3c–f were incorrect. This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions.

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Acknowledgements

We thank J. Meyer, A. Zavišić, K. Beining, A. Ludwig, S. Fessler and P. Fritsche for laboratory assistance; J. Czerny and C. Eizaguirre for advice on the experimental design, H. Schulenburg, J. Olsen and O. Roth for comments on earlier drafts; L. Bach, S. Febiri, T. Großkopf, L. Mackinder, D. Haase and K. Schulz for support during the experiments. T.B.H.R. and U.R. received financial support for this project from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF; project BIOACID).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes, Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany

    Kai T. Lohbeck & Thorsten B. H. Reusch

  2. Biological Oceanography, Helmholtz-Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR), Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany

    Kai T. Lohbeck & Ulf Riebesell

Authors
  1. Kai T. Lohbeck
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  3. Thorsten B. H. Reusch
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Contributions

T.B.H.R. conceived the project, all authors designed the experiment and K.T.L. carried out the experiment. All authors analysed and interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Thorsten B. H. Reusch.

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The authors declare no competing financial interests.

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Lohbeck, K., Riebesell, U. & Reusch, T. Adaptive evolution of a key phytoplankton species to ocean acidification. Nature Geosci 5, 346–351 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1441

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