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Genome-wide association of early-onset myocardial infarction with single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants

Nature Genetics volume 41, pages 334–341 (2009)Cite this article

A Corrigendum to this article was published on 01 June 2009

This article has been updated

Abstract

We conducted a genome-wide association study testing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and copy number variants (CNVs) for association with early-onset myocardial infarction in 2,967 cases and 3,075 controls. We carried out replication in an independent sample with an effective sample size of up to 19,492. SNPs at nine loci reached genome-wide significance: three are newly identified (21q22 near MRPS6-SLC5A3-KCNE2, 6p24 in PHACTR1 and 2q33 in WDR12) and six replicated prior observations1,2,3,4 (9p21, 1p13 near CELSR2-PSRC1-SORT1, 10q11 near CXCL12, 1q41 in MIA3, 19p13 near LDLR and 1p32 near PCSK9). We tested 554 common copy number polymorphisms (>1% allele frequency) and none met the pre-specified threshold for replication (P < 10−3). We identified 8,065 rare CNVs but did not detect a greater CNV burden in cases compared to controls, in genes compared to the genome as a whole, or at any individual locus. SNPs at nine loci were reproducibly associated with myocardial infarction, but tests of common and rare CNVs failed to identify additional associations with myocardial infarction risk.

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Figure 1: Study design.

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Change history

  • 27 May 2009

    NOTE: In the version of this article initially published, the names of four co-authors (Christopher W Knouff, Dawn M Waterworth, Max C Walker, Vincent Mooser) were omitted from the author list. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

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Acknowledgements

HARPS. The HARPS study was supported by the grants (R01HL056931, P30ES007033) and a contract (N01HD013107) from US National Institutes of Health.

REGICOR. The REGICOR study was partially funded by the Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red HERACLES RD06/0009), the CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, the FIS and AGAUR Generalitat de Catalunya.

Massachusetts General Hospital. The MIGen study was funded by the US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's STAMPEED genomics research program through a grant to D.A. S.K. is supported by a Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Clinical Scientist Development Award, a charitable gift from the Fannie E. Rippel Foundation, the Donovan Family Foundation, a career development award from the NIH and the Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital. J.B.M. is supported by grant K24 DK080140 from the NIH.

Broad Institute. Genotyping was partially funded by The Broad Institute Center for Genotyping and Analysis, which is supported by grant U54 RR020278 from the National Center for Research Resources.

FINRISK. V.S. was supported by the Sigrid Juselius Foundation. L.P. was supported by the Center of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics of the Academy of Finland, the Nordic Center of Excellence in Disease Genetics and the Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research.

WTCCC Study. The study was funded by the Wellcome Trust. Recruitment of cases for the WTCCC Study was carried out by the British Heart Foundation (BHF) Family Heart Study Research Group and supported by the BHF and the UK Medical Research Council. N.J.S. and S.G.B. hold chairs funded by the BHF.

PennCATH/MedStar. Recruitment of the PennCATH cohort was supported by the Cardiovascular Institute of the University of Pennsylvania. Recruitment of the MedStar cohort was supported by a research grant from GlaxoSmithKline and from the MedStar Research Institute. Genotyping was done at the Center for Applied Genomics at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and supported by GlaxoSmithKline through an Alternate Drug Discovery Initiative research alliance award (to M.P.R. and D.J.R.) with the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. D.J.R. was supported by a Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Distinguished Clinical Scientist Award.

Verona Heart Study. The study was supported by a grant from the Italian Ministry of University and Research and grants from the Veneto Region and the Cariverona Foundation, Verona, Italy.

Mid-America Heart Institute. T.M. is supported by a career development grant from the NIH.

Irish Family Study. We thank the clinical staff members for their valuable contribution to the collection of families for this study. The research was supported by the Northern Ireland Research and Development Office, a Royal Victoria Hospital Research Fellowship, the Northern Ireland Chest, Heart and Stroke Association, and the Heart Trust Fund (Royal Victoria Hospital).

GerMIFS I and II. The German Study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research in the context of the German National Genome Research Network.

Cardiogenics. Cardiogenics is an EU-funded integrated project (LSHM-CT-2006-037593).

INTERHEART. S.A. holds the Michael G. DeGroote and Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario Chair in Population Health and the May Cohen Eli Lilly Endowed Chair in Women's Health Research, McMaster University. We acknowledge the contribution of S. Yusuf who initiated and, together with the Steering Committee, supervised the conduct of the INTERHEART study. We thank members of the Project Office, S. Rangarajan (study coordinator) and K. Hall (laboratory manager), for their assistance in coordinating the genetics component of the INTERHEART project. R.D. is a recipient of a Canada Graduate Scholarship Doctoral Award from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research.

Disclosures. The collection of clinical and sociodemographic data in the Dortmund Health Study was supported by the German Migraine & Headache Society (DMKG) and by unrestricted grants of equal share from Astra Zeneca, Berlin Chemie, Boots Healthcare, Glaxo-Smith-Kline, McNeil Pharma (former Woelm Pharma), MSD Sharp & Dohme and Pfizer to the University of Muenster.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cardiovascular Research Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    Sekar Kathiresan, Kiran Musunuru, Christopher J O'Donnell, Sekar Kathiresan, Calum A MacRae, Christopher J O'Donnell, Sekar Kathiresan, Kiran Musunuru, Sekar Kathiresan, Sekar Kathiresan & Christopher J O'Donnell

  2. Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    Sekar Kathiresan, Benjamin F Voight, Shaun Purcell, Kiran Musunuru, David Altshuler, Sekar Kathiresan,  Benjamin F Voight, Sekar Kathiresan, Kiran Musunuru, Mark J Daly, Shaun Purcell, Benjamin F Voight, Shaun Purcell, Joshua M Korn, Steven A McCarroll, Sekar Kathiresan, Sekar Kathiresan &  David Altshuler

  3. Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts, USA

    Sekar Kathiresan, Benjamin F Voight, Shaun Purcell, Kiran Musunuru, Leena Peltonen, David Altshuler, Sekar Kathiresan, Leena Peltonen,  Benjamin F Voight, Sekar Kathiresan, Joel N Hirschhorn, Kiran Musunuru, Mark J Daly, Shaun Purcell, Benjamin F Voight, Shaun Purcell, James Nemesh, Joshua M Korn, Steven A McCarroll, Sekar Kathiresan, Aarti Surti, Candace Guiducci, Lauren Gianniny, Daniel Mirel, Melissa Parkin, Noel Burtt,  Stacey B Gabriel, Sekar Kathiresan, Leena Peltonen &  David Altshuler

  4. Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    Sekar Kathiresan, Kiran Musunuru, Christopher J O'Donnell, David Altshuler, Sekar Kathiresan, James B Meigs, Gordon Williams, David M Nathan, Calum A MacRae, Christopher J O'Donnell, Sekar Kathiresan, Kiran Musunuru, Mark J Daly, Sekar Kathiresan, Sekar Kathiresan, Christopher J O'Donnell &  David Altshuler

  5. Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    Benjamin F Voight, David Altshuler,  Benjamin F Voight, Benjamin F Voight, Joshua M Korn, Steven A McCarroll &  David Altshuler

  6. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, 02142, Massachusetts, USA

    Shaun Purcell, Shaun Purcell & Shaun Purcell

  7. Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, 43100, Italy

    Diego Ardissino, Diego Ardissino & Diego Ardissino

  8. Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Ospedale Maggiore, Mangiagalli e Regina Elena, University of Milan, Milan, 20122, Italy

    Pier M Mannucci, Flora Peyvandi, Pier M Mannucci, Marta Spreafico & Pier M Mannucci

  9. Hamilton Health Sciences and Departments of Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8L 2X2, Ontario, Canada

    Sonia Anand, Changchun Xie & Sonia Anand

  10. Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A1, Québec, Canada

    James C Engert & James C Engert

  11. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, LE3 9QP, UK

    Nilesh J Samani, Nilesh J Samani, Peter S Braund, Nilesh J Samani & Nilesh J Samani

  12. Medizinische Klinik II, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany

    Heribert Schunkert, Jeanette Erdmann, Heribert Schunkert, Jeanette Erdmann, Patrick Linsel-Nitschke, Wolfgang Lieb, Anika Grosshennig, Michael Preuss, Heribert Schunkert, Jeanette Erdmann, Heribert Schunkert, Jeanette Erdmann, Patrick Linsel-Nitschke, Wolfgang Lieb, Anika Grosshennig & Michael Preuss

  13. The Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA

    Muredach P Reilly, Daniel J Rader, Muredach P Reilly, Robert Wilensky & Daniel J Rader

  14. The Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA

    Muredach P Reilly, Daniel J Rader, Muredach P Reilly, Robert Wilensky, William Matthai, Atif Qasim & Daniel J Rader

  15. Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, 37232, Tennessee, USA

    Thomas Morgan & Thomas Morgan

  16. Mid-America Heart Institute and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, 64111, Missouri, USA

    John A Spertus & John A Spertus

  17. Leibniz-Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, University Münster, Münster, 48149, Germany

    Monika Stoll, Monika Stoll & Andreas Huge

  18. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, 37134, Italy

    Domenico Girelli, Domenico Girelli, Nicola Martinelli, Oliviero Olivieri & Roberto Corrocher

  19. Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Institute of Clinical Science, Belfast, BT12 6BJ, Northern Ireland, UK

    Pascal P McKeown, Chris C Patterson, Pascal P McKeown & Chris C Patterson

  20. Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, Washington, USA

    David S Siscovick, Stephen M Schwartz, Stephen M Schwartz, David S Siscovick, Jean Yee,  Stephen M Schwartz, Jean Yee, David Siscovick & Stephen M Schwartz

  21. Framingham Heart Study and National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham, 01702, Massachusetts, USA

    Christopher J O'Donnell, Christopher J O'Donnell & Christopher J O'Donnell

  22. Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics, Institut Municipal D'investigacio Medica, and CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Barcelona, 08003, Spain

    Roberto Elosua, Roberto Elosua, Jaume Marrugat, Gavin Lucas, Isaac Subirana, Gavin Lucas, Isaac Subirana, Roberto Elosua & Roberto Elosua

  23. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK

    Leena Peltonen, Leena Peltonen, Panos Deloukas & Leena Peltonen

  24. Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00029, Finland

    Leena Peltonen, Leena Peltonen & Leena Peltonen

  25. Department of Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention, Chronic Disease Epidemiology Unit, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, 00300, Finland

    Veikko Salomaa, Veikko Salomaa, Aki S Havulinna & Veikko Salomaa

  26. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, Washington, USA

    Stephen M Schwartz, Stephen M Schwartz, Jean Yee,  Stephen M Schwartz, Jean Yee & Stephen M Schwartz

  27. Department of Clinical Sciences, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden

    Olle Melander, Olle Melander & Olle Melander

  28. Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    David Altshuler, Joel N Hirschhorn &  David Altshuler

  29. Division of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan, 20162, Italy

    Pier Angelica Merlini

  30. Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, UK and Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge, CB3 0WA, UK

    Carlo Berzuini & Luisa Bernardinelli

  31. Department of Applied Health Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100, Italy

    Luisa Bernardinelli

  32. Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Filippo Neri, Rome, 00135, Italy

    Marco Tubaro

  33. Division of Cardiology, Ospedale San Camillo, Rome, 00151, Italy

    Patrizia Celli

  34. Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, 27100, Italy

    Maurizio Ferrario, Raffaela Fetiveau & Nicola Marziliano

  35. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy

    Giorgio Casari

  36. Division of Cardiology, Ospedale di Livorno, Livorno, 57100, Italy

    Michele Galli

  37. Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Borgo Trento, University of Verona, Verona, 37126, Italy

    Flavio Ribichini

  38. Division of Cardiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Milan, 20089, Italy

    Marco Rossi

  39. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, 44100, Italy

    Francesco Bernardi

  40. Division of Cardiology, Ospedale di Rovigo, Rovigo, 45100, Italy

    Pietro Zonzin

  41. Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, 10126, Italy

    Alberto Piazza

  42. Unit of Epidemiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Public Health, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel

    Yechiel Friedlander

  43. Servei de Cardiologia i Unitat Coronària, Hospital de Girona Josep Trueta and Institut de Investigació Biomedica de Girona, Girona, 17007, Spain

    Joan Sala

  44. Unitat de Recerca i Unitat Docent de Medicina de Familia de Girona, IDIAP Jordi Gol, Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, 08007, Spain

    Rafael Ramos

  45. General Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    James B Meigs

  46. Division of Endocrinology, Cardiovascular Endocrinology Section, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts, USA

    Gordon Williams

  47. Diabetes Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts, USA

    David M Nathan

  48. Department of Clinical Sciences, Internal Medicine, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 20502, Sweden

    Goran Berglund

  49. Department of Biology and Genetics for Medical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, 20133, Italy

    Rosanna Asselta & Stefano Duga

  50. Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK

    John R Thompson & Benjamin J Wright

  51. LIGHT Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK

    Anthony J Balmforth, Stephen G Ball & Alistair S Hall

  52. Institut für Medizinische Biometrie und Statistik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, 23538, Germany

    Andreas Ziegler, Inke R König, Anika Grosshennig, Michael Preuss, Andreas Ziegler, Inke R König, Anika Grosshennig & Michael Preuss

  53. Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, 93042, Germany

    Christian Hengstenberg, Marcus Fischer, Klaus Stark, Christian Hengstenberg, Christian Hengstenberg, Marcus Fischer & Klaus Stark

  54. Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany

    H-Erich Wichmann & H-Erich Wichmann

  55. Institute of Medical Information Science, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany

    H-Erich Wichmann & H-Erich Wichmann

  56. Institut für Klinische Molekularbiologie, Christian-Albrechts Universität, Kiel, 24105, Germany

    Stefan Schreiber & Stefan Schreiber

  57. Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Long Road, Cambridge, CB2 2PT, UK

    Willem Ouwehand

  58. Trium Analysis Online GmbH, Munich, 81677, Germany

    Michael Scholz

  59. INSERM UMR_S 525, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 6, Paris, 75634, France

    Francois Cambien

  60. Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA

    Mingyao Li & Zhen Chen

  61. The Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, 19104, Pennsylvania, USA

    Hakon H Hakonarson

  62. Cardiovascular Research Institute, MedStar Research Institute, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, 20010, DC, USA

    Joe Devaney, Mary-Susan Burnett, Augusto D Pichard, Kenneth M Kent, Lowell Satler, Joseph M Lindsay, Ron Waksman & Stephen E Epstein

  63. Institute for Heart and Circulation Research of the University of Witten/Herdecke, 44227, Dortmund, Germany

    Thomas Scheffold

  64. Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, 48129, Germany

    Klaus Berger

  65. deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland

    Hilma Hólm, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir & Kari Stefansson

  66. Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, 101, Iceland

    Unnur Thorsteinsdottir & Kari Stefansson

  67. Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1B1, Québec, Canada

    Ron Do

  68. Genetics Division and Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, 19406, Pennsylvania, USA

    Christopher W Knouff, Dawn M Waterworth, Max C Walker & Vincent Mooser

Consortia

Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium

  • Stage 1 discovery GWA studies

    • Manuscript preparation.

      • Sekar Kathiresan
      • , Benjamin F Voight
      • , Shaun Purcell
      • , Kiran Musunuru
      • , Diego Ardissino
      • , Pier M Mannucci
      • , Sonia Anand
      • , James C Engert
      • , Nilesh J Samani
      • , Heribert Schunkert
      • , Jeanette Erdmann
      • , Muredach P Reilly
      • , Daniel J Rader
      • , Thomas Morgan
      • , John A Spertus
      • , Monika Stoll
      • , Domenico Girelli
      • , Pascal P McKeown
      • , Chris C Patterson
      • , David S Siscovick
      • , Christopher J O'Donnell
      • , Roberto Elosua
      • , Leena Peltonen
      • , Veikko Salomaa
      • , Stephen M Schwartz
      • , Olle Melander
      •  & David Altshuler

    • Italian Atherosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology Study.

      • Diego Ardissino
      • , Pier Angelica Merlini
      • , Carlo Berzuini
      • , Luisa Bernardinelli
      • , Flora Peyvandi
      • , Marco Tubaro
      • , Patrizia Celli
      • , Maurizio Ferrario
      • , Raffaela Fetiveau
      • , Nicola Marziliano
      • , Giorgio Casari
      • , Michele Galli
      • , Flavio Ribichini
      • , Marco Rossi
      • , Francesco Bernardi
      • , Pietro Zonzin
      • , Alberto Piazza
      •  & Pier M Mannucci

    • Heart Attack Risk in Puget Sound.

      • Stephen M Schwartz
      • , David S Siscovick
      • , Jean Yee
      •  & Yechiel Friedlander

    • Registre Gironi del COR.

      • Roberto Elosua
      • , Jaume Marrugat
      • , Gavin Lucas
      • , Isaac Subirana
      • , Joan Sala
      •  & Rafael Ramos

    • Massachusetts General Hospital Premature Coronary Artery Disease Study.

      • Sekar Kathiresan
      • , James B Meigs
      • , Gordon Williams
      • , David M Nathan
      • , Calum A MacRae
      •  & Christopher J O'Donnell

    • FINRISK.

      • Veikko Salomaa
      • , Aki S Havulinna
      •  & Leena Peltonen

    • Malmo Diet and Cancer Study.

      • Olle Melander
      •  & Goran Berglund

    • Stage 1 data analysis.

      • Benjamin F Voight
      • , Sekar Kathiresan
      • , Joel N Hirschhorn
      • , Rosanna Asselta
      • , Stefano Duga
      • , Marta Spreafico
      • , Kiran Musunuru
      • , Mark J Daly
      •  & Shaun Purcell

    • Copy number variant analysis.

      • Benjamin F Voight
      • , Shaun Purcell
      • , James Nemesh
      • , Joshua M Korn
      •  & Steven A McCarroll

    • Stage 1 phenotype data assembly.

      • Stephen M Schwartz
      • , Jean Yee
      • , Sekar Kathiresan
      • , Gavin Lucas
      • , Isaac Subirana
      •  & Roberto Elosua

    • Stage 1 genome-wide genotyping.

      • Aarti Surti
      • , Candace Guiducci
      • , Lauren Gianniny
      • , Daniel Mirel
      • , Melissa Parkin
      • , Noel Burtt
      •  &  Stacey B Gabriel

  • Replication studies:

    • Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium.

      • Nilesh J Samani
      • , John R Thompson
      • , Peter S Braund
      • , Benjamin J Wright
      • , Anthony J Balmforth
      • , Stephen G Ball
      • , Alistair S Hall
      •  & Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium

    • German MI Family Study I.

      • Heribert Schunkert
      • , Jeanette Erdmann
      • , Patrick Linsel-Nitschke
      • , Wolfgang Lieb
      • , Andreas Ziegler
      • , Inke R König
      • , Christian Hengstenberg
      • , Marcus Fischer
      • , Klaus Stark
      • , Anika Grosshennig
      • , Michael Preuss
      • , H-Erich Wichmann
      •  & Stefan Schreiber

    • Cardiogenics.

      • Heribert Schunkert
      • , Nilesh J Samani
      • , Jeanette Erdmann
      • , Willem Ouwehand
      • , Christian Hengstenberg
      • , Panos Deloukas
      • , Michael Scholz
      • , Francois Cambien
      •  & Cardiogenics.

    • PennCATH/MedSTAR.

      • Muredach P Reilly
      • , Mingyao Li
      • , Zhen Chen
      • , Robert Wilensky
      • , William Matthai
      • , Atif Qasim
      • , Hakon H Hakonarson
      • , Joe Devaney
      • , Mary-Susan Burnett
      • , Augusto D Pichard
      • , Kenneth M Kent
      • , Lowell Satler
      • , Joseph M Lindsay
      • , Ron Waksman
      • , Christopher W Knouff
      • , Dawn M Waterworth
      • , Max C Walker
      • , Vincent Mooser
      • , Stephen E Epstein
      •  & Daniel J Rader

    • Acute Myocardial Infarction Gene Study/Dortmund Health Study.

      • Thomas Scheffold
      • , Klaus Berger
      • , Monika Stoll
      •  & Andreas Huge

    • Verona Heart Study.

      • Domenico Girelli
      • , Nicola Martinelli
      • , Oliviero Olivieri
      •  & Roberto Corrocher

    • Mid-America Heart Institute.

      • Thomas Morgan
      •  & John A Spertus

    • Irish Family Study.

      • Pascal P McKeown
      •  & Chris C Patterson

    • German MI Family Study II.

      • Heribert Schunkert
      • , Jeanette Erdmann
      • , Patrick Linsel-Nitschke
      • , Wolfgang Lieb
      • , Andreas Ziegler
      • , Inke R König
      • , Christian Hengstenberg
      • , Marcus Fischer
      • , Klaus Stark
      • , Anika Grosshennig
      • , Michael Preuss
      • , H-Erich Wichmann
      •  & Stefan Schreiber

    • deCODE Study.

      • Hilma Hólm
      • , Gudmar Thorleifsson
      • , Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
      •  & Kari Stefansson

    • INTERHEART.

      • James C Engert
      • , Ron Do
      • , Changchun Xie
      •  & Sonia Anand

    • MIGen steering committee.

      • Sekar Kathiresan
      • , Diego Ardissino
      • , Pier M Mannucci
      • , David Siscovick
      • , Christopher J O'Donnell
      • , Nilesh J Samani
      • , Olle Melander
      • , Roberto Elosua
      • , Leena Peltonen
      • , Veikko Salomaa
      • , Stephen M Schwartz
      •  &  David Altshuler

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sekar Kathiresan.

Additional information

A full list of members is provided in the Supplementary Note.

A full list of members is provided in the Supplementary Note.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Text and Figures

Supplementary Methods, Supplementary Note, Supplementary Figures 1 and 2, Supplementary Tables 1–3 (PDF 845 kb)

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Myocardial Infarction Genetics Consortium. Genome-wide association of early-onset myocardial infarction with single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variants. Nat Genet 41, 334–341 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.327

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