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A materials perspective on Li-ion batteries at extreme temperatures

Nature Energy volume 2, Article number: 17108 (2017) Cite this article

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Abstract

With the continuous upsurge in demand for energy storage, batteries are increasingly required to operate under extreme environmental conditions. Although they are at the technological forefront, Li-ion batteries have long been limited to room temperature, as internal phenomena during their operation cause thermal fluctuations. This has been the reason for many battery explosions in recent consumer products. While traditional efforts to address these issues focused on thermal management strategies, the performance and safety of Li-ion batteries at both low (<20 °C) and high (>60 °C) temperatures are inherently related to their respective components, such as electrode and electrolyte materials and the so-called solid-electrolyte interphases. This Review examines recent research that considers thermal tolerance of Li-ion batteries from a materials perspective, spanning a wide temperature spectrum (−60 °C to 150 °C). The structural stability of promising cathodes, issues with anode passivation, and the competency of various electrolyte, binder and current collectors are compared for their thermal workability. The possibilities offered by each of these cell components could extend the environmental frontiers of commercial Li-ion batteries.

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Figure 1: Temperature-dependent performance constraints in cathode materials.
Figure 2: Challenges imposed by temperature on the performance of graphite anodes.
Figure 3: Tailoring salts and electrolyte additives to extend the operating temperature of Li-ion batteries.
Figure 4: Ionic liquids in perspective.
Figure 5: Aluminium corrosion in a pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid at elevated temperatures.
Figure 6: Reported thermal limits for Li-ion battery materials and rechargeable battery systems.

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  1. Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, 77005, Texas, USA

    Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues, Ganguli Babu, Hemtej Gullapalli, Kaushik Kalaga, Farheen N. Sayed, Keiko Kato, Jarin Joyner & Pulickel M. Ajayan

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Correspondence to Pulickel M. Ajayan.

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Rodrigues, MT., Babu, G., Gullapalli, H. et al. A materials perspective on Li-ion batteries at extreme temperatures. Nat Energy 2, 17108 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.108

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