Tam WWS et al. (2008) Effect of music on procedure time and sedation during colonoscopy: a meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 14: 5336–5343

Early detection of potentially abnormal polyps in the colon can prevent up to 90% of colon cancer cases. Screening by means of colonoscopy is, however, an uncomfortable experience and many people put off or avoid the procedure owing to fear and anxiety. Sedation (e.g. with midazolam) can be used during the procedure but might increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Alternative nonpharmacological methods of reducing anxiety and discomfort have, therefore, been developed and researched.

In a recent meta-analysis, Tam et al. investigated the effect of listening to music on procedure time and amount of sedation used during colonoscopy. Data from eight studies including 722 patients were analyzed. Overall, time taken for colonoscopy was shorter for patients who listened to music than for the control groups (combined mean difference −2.84, 95% CI −5.61 to −0.08). Of the six studies that examined the use of sedation, four showed a reduction in midazolam dose in the group of patients who listened to music (combined mean difference for all six trials −0.46, 95% CI −0.91 to −0.01).

The authors suggest that listening to music helps to relax the patient, reduces the need for sedation and enables the physician to complete the procedure in a shorter time, which also reduces the length of time during which the patient feels discomfort. In addition, a reduction in the amount of sedation required during colonoscopy could lead to reduced health-care costs.