The emergence of synthetic biology, and off-shoots such as DIYbio, make the need for a rigorous, sustained and mature approach for assessing, and preparing for, the broad range of associated dangers and risks all the more pressing.
Access options
Subscribe to Journal
Get full journal access for 1 year
70,80 €
only 5,90 € per issue
All prices include VAT for France.
Rent or Buy article
Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube.
from$8.99
All prices are NET prices.
References
- 1.
Johnson, C.Y. Hackers aim to make biology household practice. Boston Globe September 15, 2008.
- 2.
Degasne, S. ADN: les biohackers créent des monstres dans leur garage. Rue 89 November 3, 2008.
- 3.
Anonymous. Biohackers attempt to unstitch the fabric of life. Associated Press December 27, 2008.
- 4.
McKenna, P. The rise of the garage genome hackers. New Scientist January 7, 2009.
- 5.
Bloom, J. The geneticist in the garage. The Guardian March 19, 2009.
- 6.
O'Brien, D. Hacking into the building blocks of life itself. Irish Times April 10, 2009.
- 7.
Whelan, J. In attics and closets, 'biohackers' discover their inner Frankenstein. Wall Street Journal May 12, 2009.
- 8.
Hayden, E.C. Nature 461, 22 (2009).
- 9.
Nair, N. Nat. Med. 15, 230–231 (2009).
- 10.
Garfinkel, M.S., Endy, D., Epstein, G.L. & Friedman, R.M. Synthetic Genomics: Options for Governance (J. Craig Venter Institute, The Center for Strategic and International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, October 2007). http://www.jcvi.org/cms/fileadmin/site/research/projects/synthetic-genomics-report/synthetic-genomics-report.pdf
- 11.
Taleb, N.N. The Black Swan: The Impact of the Highly Improbable (Random House, New York, 2007).
- 12.
http://etcgroup.org/upload/publication/602/01/synbioreportweb.pdf
- 13.
Schmidt, M. et al. Syst. Synth. Biol. 2, 7–17 (2008).
- 14.
Ostfield, M.L. Biosecurity Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy. Practice Sci. 6, 261–267 (2008).
Author information
Affiliations
Gaymon Bennett, Anthony Stavrianakis & Paul Rabinow are at the Synthetic Biology Engineering Research Center and the Department of Anthropology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
- Gaymon Bennett
- , Anthony Stavrianakis
- & Paul Rabinow
Nils Gilman is at Monitor 360, San Francisco, California, USA.
- Nils Gilman
Authors
Search for Gaymon Bennett in:
Search for Nils Gilman in:
Search for Anthony Stavrianakis in:
Search for Paul Rabinow in:
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Corresponding author
Correspondence to Gaymon Bennett.
Rights and permissions
To obtain permission to re-use content from this article visit RightsLink.
