Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Research Paper
  • Published:

Inheritance and Expression of Chimeric Genes in the Progeny of Transgenic Maize Plants

Abstract

We obtained transgenic maize plants by using high-velocity microprojectiles to transfer genes into embryogenic cells. Two selectable genes were used to confer resistance to either chlorsulfuron or phosphinothricin, and genes encoding either E. coli β-glucuronidase or firefly luciferase were used as markers to provide convenient assays for transformation. When regenerated without selection, only two of the eight transformed embryogenic calli obtained produced transgenic maize plants. With selection, transgenic plants were obtained from three of the other eight calli. One of the two initial lines produced 15 fertile transgenic plants. The progeny of these plants contained and expressed the foreign genes. Luciferase expression could be visualized, in the presence of added luciferin, by overlaying leaf sections with color film.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Davey, M.R., Rech, E.L. and Mulligan, B.J. 1989. Direct DNA transfer to plant cells. Plant Mol. Biol. 13: 273–285.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Potrykus, I. 1990. Gene transfer to cereals: An assessment. BioTechnology 8: 535–542.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Goodman, R.M., Hauptli, H., Crossway, A. and Knauf, V.C. 1987. Gene transfer in crop improvement. Science 236: 48–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Hooykaas, P.J.J. 1989. Transformation of plant cells via Agrobacterium . Plant Mol. Biol. 13: 327–336.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Vasil, I.K. 1988. Progress in the regeneration and genetic manipulation of cereals crops. Bio/Technology 6: 397–402.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rhodes, C.A., Lowe, K.S. and Ruby, K.L. 1988. Plant regeneration from protoplasts isolated from embryogenic maize cell cultures. Bio/Technology 6: 56–60.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Rhodes, C.A., Pierce, D.A., Mettler, I.J., Mascarenhas, D. and Detmer, J. 1988. Genetically transformed maize plants from protoplasts. Science 240: 204–207.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Boulton, M.I., Buchholz, W.C., Marks, M.S., Markham, P.G. and Davies, J.W. 1989. Specificity of Agrobacterium-mediated delivery of maize streak virus DNA to members of the Gramineae. Plant Mol. Biol. 12: 31–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Grimsley, N., Hohn, B., Ramos, C., Kado, C. and Rogowsky, P. 1989. DNA transfer from Agrobacterium to Zea mays or Brassica by agroinfection is dependent on bacterial virulence functions. Mol. Gen. Genet. 217: 309–316.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Prioli, L.M. and Sondahl, M.R. 1989. Plant regeneration and recovery of fertile plants from protoplasts of maize Zea mays L. Bio/Technology 7: 589–594.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shillito, R.D., Carswell, G.K., Johnson, C.M., DiMaio, J.J. and Harms, C.T. 1989. Regeneration of fertile plants from protoplasts of elite inbred maize. Bio/Technology 7: 581–587.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Shimamoto, K., Terada, R., Izawa, T. and Fujimoto, H. 1989. Fertile transgenic rice plants regenerated from transformed protoplasts. Nature 338: 274–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Raineri, D.M., Bottino, P., Gordon, M.P. and Nester, E.W. 1990. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of rice Oryza sativa L. Bio/ Technology 8: 33–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Klein, T.M., Kornstein, L., Sanford, J.C. and Fromm, M.E. 1989. Genetic transformation of maize cells by particle bombardment. Plant Physiol. 91: 440–444.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Klein, T.M., Harper, E.C., Svab, Z., Sanford, J.C., Fromm, M.E. and Maliga, P. 1988. Stable genetic transformation of intact Nicotiana cells by the particle bombardment process. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85: 8502–8505.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. McCabe, D.F., Swain, W.F., Marinell, B.J. and Christou, P. 1988. Stable transformation of soybean Glycine Max by particle acceleration. Bio/Technology 6: 923–926.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tomes, D., Weissinger, A.K., Ross, M., Higgins, R., Drimmond, B.J., Schaaf, S., Malone-Schoneberg, J., Staebell, M., Flynn, P., Anderson, J. and Howard, J. 1990. Transgenic tobacco plants and their progeny derived by microprojectile bombardment of tobacco leaves. Plant Mol. Biol. 14: 261–268.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Fromm, M., Taylor, L.P. and Walbot, V. 1986. Stable transformation of maize after gene transfer by electroporation. Nature 319: 791–793.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. De Block, M., Botterman, J., Vandewiele, M., Dockx, J., Thoen, C., Gossele, V., Movva, N.R., Thompson, C., van Montagu, M. and Leemans, J. 1987. Engineering herbicide resistance in plants by expression of a detoxifying enzyme. EMBO J. 6: 2513–2518.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Thompson, C.J., Movva, N.R., Tizard, R., Crameri, R., Davies, J.E., Lauwereys, M. and Botterman, J. 1987. Characterization of the herbicide-resistance gene bar from Streptomyces hygroscopicus . EMBO J. 6: 2519–2523.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Jefferson, R.A., Kavanagh, T.A. and Bevan, M.W. 1987. GUS fusions: Beta-glucuronidase as a sensitive and versatile gene fusion marker in higher plants. EMBO J. 6: 3901–3907.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Jefferson, R.A. 1989. The GUS reporter gene system. Nature 342: 837–838.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Chaleff, R.S. and Mauvais, C.J. 1984. Acetolactate synthase is the site of action of two sulfonylurea herbicides in higher plants. Science 224: 1443–1445.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lee, K.Y., Townsend, J., Tepperman, J., Black, M., Chui, C.F., Mazur, B., Dunsmir, P. and Bedbrook, J. 1988. The molecular basis of sulfonylurea herbicide resistance in tobacco. EMBO J. 7: 1241–1248.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Haughn, G.W., Smith, J., Mazur, B. and Somerville, C. 1987. Transformation with a mutant Arabidopsis acetolactate synthase gene renders tobacco resistant to sulfonylurea herbicides. Mol. Gen. Genet. 211: 266–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. de Wet, J.R., Wood, K.V., De Luca, M. and Helinski, D.R. 1987. Firefly luciferase gene: structure and expression in mammalian cells. Molec. Cell. Biol. 7: 725–737.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Callis, J., Fromm, M. and Walbot, V. 1987. Introns increase gene expression in cultured maize cells. Genes and Develop. 1: 1183–1200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hodges, T.K., Kamo, K.K., Imbrie, C.W. and Becwar, M.R. 1986. Genotype specificity of somatic embryogenesis and regeneration in maize. Bio/Technology 4: 219–223.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Klein, T.M., Fromm, M.E., Weissinger, A., Tomes, D., Schaaf, S., Sletten, M. and Sanford, J.C. 1988. Transfer of foreign genes into intact maize cells with high-velocity microprojectiles. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 85: 4305–4309.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Klein, T.M., Gradziel, T., Fromm, M.E. and Sanford, J.C. 1988. Factors influencing gene delivery into Zea mays cells by high-velocity microprojectiles. Bio/Technology 6: 559–563.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Chu, C.C., Wang, C.C., Sun, C.S., Hsu, C., Yin, K.C., Chu, C.Y. and Bi, F.Y. 1975. Establishment of an efficient medium for anther culture of rice through comparative experiments on the nitrogen sources. Sci. Sin. Peking. 18: 659–688.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Chaleff, R.S. and Bascomb, N.F. 1987. Genetic and biochemical evidence for multiple forms of acetolactate synthase in Nicotiana tabacum . 210: 33–38.

  33. Saiki, R.K., Scharf, S., Faloona, F., Mallis, K.B., Horn, G.T., Erlich, H.A. and Arnheim, N. 1985. Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 230: 1350–1354.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Armstrong, C.L. and Green, C.E. 1985. Establishment and maintenance of friable, embryogenic maize callus and the involvement of L-proline. Planta 164: 207–214.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Ow, D.W., Wood, K.V., DeLuca, M., de Wet, J.R., Helinski, D.R. and Howell, S.H. 1986. Transient and stable expression of the firefly luciferase gene in plant cells and transgenic plants. Science 234: 856–859.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Christou, P., Swain, W.F., Yang, N.-S. and McCabe, D.E. 1989. Inheritance and expression of foreign genes in transgenic soybean plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 7500–7504.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Wang, Y.C., Klein, T.M., Fromm, M., Cao, J., Sanford, J.C. and Wu, R. 1988. Transformation of rice, wheat and soybean by the particle bombardment method. Plant Mol. Biol. 11: 433–439.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Oard, J.H., Paige, D.F., Simmonds, J.A. and Gradziel, T.M. 1990. Transient gene expression in maize, rice, and wheat cells using an airgun apparatus. Plant Physiol. 92: 334–339.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Kartha, K.K., Chibbar, R.N., Georges, F., Leung, B., Caswell, K., Kendall, E. and Qureshi, J. 1989. Transient expression of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase CAT in barley cell cultures and immature embryos through microprojectile bombardment. Plant Cell Rep. 8: 429–432.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Plant Physiol. 15: 473–497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Muhitch, M.J. 1988. Acetolactate synthase activity in developing maize Zea mays L. kernels. Plant Physiol. 86: 23–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Lassner, M.W., Peterson, P. and Yoder, J.I. 1989. Simultaneous amplification of multiple DNA fragments by polymerase chain reaction in the analysis of transgenic plants and their progeny. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 7: 116–128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Sarkar, G. and Sommer, S.S. 1990. Shedding light on PCR contamination. Nature 343: 27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Feinberg, A.P. and Vogelstein, B. 1983. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction fragments to high specific activities. Anal. Biochem. 132: 6–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fromm, M., Morrish, F., Armstrong, C. et al. Inheritance and Expression of Chimeric Genes in the Progeny of Transgenic Maize Plants. Nat Biotechnol 8, 833–839 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0990-833

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0990-833

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing