Remembering Lloyd Mayer

Chuck Elson, Eugene Chang, and Sergio Lira offer touching remembrances about a good friend and colleague, Lloyd Mayer, who was a kind and generous leader in the mucosal immunology community for many years. See page 205

Update on fecal transplants

Eric Pamer presents a concise update of the current promise and concerns regarding the manipulation of intestinal microbiota through the adoptive transfer of fecal microbiota. See page 209

DAMPs in COPD

Simon Pouwels and colleagues provide an insightful discussion of the role of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)—molecules induced by chronic exposure to noxious stimuli—in driving neutrophilic inflammation in the lung in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). See page 214

Microbiota and viral infections

Marloes Vissers and co-workers discuss evidence of intriguing relationships between bacterial colonization of various mucosal tissues and the risk of developing severe respiratory viral infections. See page 226

Lung-resident CD4 T cells in recall immunity

Sumaiyya Thawer and colleagues present findings supporting the ability of lung-resident CD4 T cells to provide recall immunity to challenge with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection in mice. See page 238

Pneumococcal IgA1 protease

Edward Janoff and colleagues demonstrate the ability of pneumococcal IgA1 protease to cleave human IgA1 and subvert its protective function in vivo. See page 248

Intestinal epithelial cells and allergic lung inflammation

Astrid Bonnegarde-Bernard and fellow investigators demonstrate a role for inhibitor-κB kinase β signaling in intestinal epithelial cells in the regulation of intestinal microbiota and immune responses to ingested antigens that influence allergic lung inflammation. See page 256

Cervical protection against HIV

Xiao-Dan Yao and colleagues demonstrate a unique antiviral, but noninflammatory, microenvironment in the cervical tissues in HIV-seronegative commercial sex workers in Kenya. See page 267

Sublingual DCs

Catherine Hervouet and co-workers describe the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) from the sublingual mucosa to capture antigen and migrate to distant sites to prime CD8+ T-cell responses following sublingual immunization. See page 279

CLM-1 inhibits eotaxin

Itay Moshkovits and colleagues found that CMRF35-like molecule-1 (CLM-1), an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-bearing receptor, inhibited eotaxin-induced chemotaxis of eosinophils in a model of allergic airway inflammation. See page 291

NALT DCs take up flagellin-modified CS protein vaccine

Adéla Nacer and fellow investigators demonstrate successful intranasal vaccination of mice with a flagellin-modified circumsporozoite (CS) protein immunogen and elegantly localize specific uptake by nasal-associated lymphoid tissue dendritic cells (NALT DCs). See page 303

Apical-to-basal transport of SIgA1-bound antigens

Juliette Abed and colleagues investigated apical-to-basal transport of secretory immunoglobulin A1 (SIgA1)-bound luminal ovalbumin across intestinal epithelial cells via binding to ectopically expressed CD71, which occurs in human celiac. See page 314

CD4+NKG2D+ T cells in Crohn’s disease

Matthieu Camus and co-workers demonstrate an oligoclonal expansion of CD4+NKG2D+ T cells in inflamed and uninflamed colon tissue from patients with Crohn’s disease. See page 324

Acetylcholine regulation of colitis

Hong Ji and colleagues present data supporting a major role for the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in modulating colitis in mice through the release of acetylcholine from efferent vagus nerve fibers in the spleen. See page 334

PSG-1 ameliorates colitis

Sandra Blois and fellow investigators show that pregnancy-specific β-glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) released from the placenta activates transforming growth factor-β and can ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis in mice. See page 347

Lymph node stromal cells and Tregs

Sascha Cording and colleagues identified an independent role for lymph-node resident stromal cells in the de novo induction of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the mesenteric and celiac lymph nodes. See page 358

Induction of claudin-14 by EcN

Nina Hering and colleagues show that the TcpC protein from Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) induces tight-junction formation by inducing the production of claudin-14, which may explain its ability to enhance remission in patients with ulcerative colitis. See page 368

Der p 1 peptide treatment of established airway inflammation

Daniel Moldaver and co-workers observed therapeutic amelioration of established ovalbumin-induced allergic airway disease following house dust mite peptide therapy. See page 378

Nod2-deficient mice have enhanced Treg function

Antonello Amendola et al. demonstrate that the lack of spontaneous colitis in Nod2-deficient mice correlates with an enhanced latency-associated peptide–positive regulatory T-cell response in the intestinal lamina propria that can in turn prevent trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid–induced colitis upon adoptive transfer. See page 390

Lyn enhances barrier function

Jennifer Bishop and colleagues found that the Lyn tyrosine kinase, which regulates pattern recognition receptor function, protects against dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis by enhancing intestinal barrier function, at least in part through the generation of interleukin-22-producing innate lymphoid cells. See page 404

CD8+ regulatory T cells and Sjögren syndrome

Xiaobo Zhang et al. identified a role for CD8+ regulatory T cells in controlling T helper type 17–mediated inflammation in a murine model of Sjögren syndrome. See page 416

Foxp3−LAP+ highly suppressive T cells in colorectal cancer

Martin Scurr and coauthors demonstrate that a population of highly prevalent Foxp3− regulatory T cells that express transforming growth factor-β latency–associated peptide (LAP) are highly immunosuppressive. See page 427

Thrombospondin-1 helps resolve lung injury

Using a mouse model of experimental lung injury, Yani Zhao and colleagues found that thrombospondin-1 induced interleukin-10 production by pulmonary macrophages to promote tissue repair. See page 439