Abstract
Abdominal lavage is used in laboratory rodents for a variety of applications but carries an inherent risk of abdominal organ laceration; therefore, personnel carrying out this procedure must have considerable expertise. In this paper, the authors describe an improved method for delivering sterile media to and collecting peritoneal fluids from dark-clawed Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) that had been peritoneally infected with filarial nematode parasites (genus Brugia). To carry out this gravity-assisted technique, the authors used a catheter to introduce sterile media into the peritoneal cavity of each gerbil and then to passively drain peritoneal fluid and larval worms for collection. Average fluid recovery was consistently greater when using this gravity-assisted method than when using aspiration. Larval parasites were recovered by both methods. To recover large volumes of fluid using the standard method of abdominal lavage, personnel typically must euthanize rodents. This gravity-assisted technique allows researchers to collect large numbers of parasite larvae without euthanizing gerbils.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Relevant articles
Open Access articles citing this article.
-
Multivariate chemogenomic screening prioritizes new macrofilaricidal leads
Communications Biology Open Access 13 January 2023
-
Industrial scale high-throughput screening delivers multiple fast acting macrofilaricides
Nature Communications Open Access 02 January 2019
-
Filarial infection influences mosquito behaviour and fecundity
Scientific Reports Open Access 31 October 2016
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
We are sorry, but there is no personal subscription option available for your country.
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Denham, D.A., Suswillo, R.R. & Chusattayanond, W. Parasitological observations on Meriones unguiculatus singly or multiply infected with Brugia pahangi. Parasitology 88, 295–301 (1984).
Fujii, H., Kamiyama, T. & Hagiwara, T. Species and strain differences in sensitivity to Toxoplasma infection among laboratory rodents. Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol. 36, 343–346 (1983).
Kamiyama, T. & Hagiwara, T. Augmented followed by suppressed levels of natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Infect. Immun. 36, 628–636 (1982).
Langley, R.J. & Gray, J.S. Non-specific resistance to Babesia divergens in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Int. J. Parasitol. 19, 265–269 (1989).
Surin, J. & Denham, D.A. Comparative susceptibility to anthelmintics of Brugia pahangi in jirds infected by different methods. J. Helminthol. 64, 232–238 (1990).
McCall, J.W., Malone, J.B., Hyong-Sun, A. & Thompson, P.E. Mongolian jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with Brugia pahangi by the intraperitoneal route: a rich source of developing larvae, adult filariae, and microfilariae. J. Parasitol. 59, 436 (1973).
Vincent, A.L., Ash, L.R., Rodrick, G.E. & Sodeman, W.A. Jr. The lymphatic pathology of Brugia pahangi in the Mongolian jird. J. Parasitol. 66, 613–620 (1980).
Vincent, A.L., Frommes, S.P. & Ash, L.R. Brugia malayi, Brugia pahangi, and Brugia patei: pulmonary pathology in jirds, Meriones unguiculatus. Exp. Parasitol. 40, 330–354 (1976).
Kinnamon, K.E. et al. Filariasis testing in a jird model: new drug leads from some old standbys. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 51, 791–796 (1994).
Field, K.L. & Sibold, A.L. The Laboratory Hamster and Gerbil (ed. Suckow, M.A.) (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1999).
Johnson, E.M., Price, R.E., Rivera, B. & Cody, D.D. Intraperitoneal administration of an iodine-based contrast agent to improve abdominal micro-computed tomography imaging in mice. Contemp. Top. Lab. Anim. Sci. 44, 20–27 (2005).
Pekow, C.A. & Baumans, V. Common Nonsurgical Techniques and Procedures. in Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science 2nd edn (eds. Hau, J. & Van Hoosier, G.J.) 351–390 (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 2003).
Suckow, M.A., Danneman, P. & Brayton, C. The Laboratory Mouse (CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 2001).
Douglas, E.G., Hamada, Y. & McKearn, T.J. Ascites production in 9 rat strains. J. Immunol. Methods 26, 69–74 (1979).
Goding, J.W. Antibody production by hybridomas. J. Immunol. Methods 39, 285–308 (1980).
Ho, V.W. & Sly, L.M. Derivation and characterization of murine alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. Methods Mol. Biol. 531, 173–185 (2009).
Waynforth, H.B. & Flecknell, P.A. Administration of substances. in Experimental and Surgical Techniques in the Rat 2nd edn. 1–26 (Academic, New York, 1992).
Doerning, B.J., Cohen, B.J. & Chrisp, C.E. Iatrogenic puncture of enlarged seminal vesicles in aged C57BL/6 mice. Lab. Anim. Sci. 39, 161–162 (1989).
Griffiths, K.G. et al. Use of microarray hybridization to identify Brugia genes involved in mosquito infectivity. Parasitol. Res. 106, 227–235 (2009).
Chandrashekar, R., Rao, U.R., Rajasekariah, G.R. & Subrahmanyam, D. Separation of viable microfilariae free of blood cells on Percoll gradients. J. Helminthol. 58, 69–70 (1984).
Köhler, G. & Milstein, C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 256, 495–497 (1975).
Peterson, N.C. Behavioral, clinical, and physiologic analysis of mice used for ascites monoclonal antibody production. Comp. Med. 50, 516–526 (2000).
Hoover-Plow, J., Hart, E., Gong, Y., Shchurin, A. & Schneeman, T. A physiological function for apolipoprotein(a): a natural regulator of the inflammatory response. Exp. Biol. Med. 234, 28–34 (2009).
Murphey, E.D. & Traber, D.L. Protective effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha against subsequent endotoxemia in mice is mediated, in part, by interleukin-10. Crit. Care Med. 29, 1761–1766 (2001).
Ajuebor, M.N. et al. Endogenous monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 recruits monocytes in the zymosan peritonitis model. J. Leukoc. Biol. 63, 108–116 (1998).
Hoover-Plow, J.L. et al. Strain and model dependent differences in inflammatory cell recruitment in mice. Inflamm. Res. 57, 457–463 (2008).
Ploplis, V.A., French, E.L., Carmeliet, P., Collen, D. & Plow, E.F. Plasminogen deficiency differentially affects recruitment of inflammatory cell populations in mice. Blood 91, 2005–2009 (1998).
Pizzoferrato, A., Vespucci, A., Ciapetti, G., Stea, S. & Tarabusi, C. The effect of injection of powdered biomaterials on mouse peritoneal cell populations. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 21, 419–428 (1987).
Bondar, V.M., Rago, C., Cottone, F.J., Wilkerson, D.K. & Riggs, J. Chlorhexidine lavage in the treatment of experimental intra-abdominal infection. Arch. Surg. 135, 309–314 (2000).
Stehle, J.R. Jr, Willingham, M.C., Lin, K. & Cui, Z. A nonterminal method for frequent collection of mouse circulating proteins by peritoneal lavage. Anal. Biochem. 349, 162–164 (2006).
Woodward, G. Principles in Drug Administration. in Methods of Animal Experimentation (ed. Gay, W.I.) 343–349 (Academic, New York, 1965).
Arioli, V. & Rossi, E. Errors related to different techniques of intraperitoneal injection in mice. Appl. Microbiol. 19, 704–705 (1970).
Miner, N.A., Koehler, J. & Greenaway, L. Intraperitoneal injection of mice. Appl. Microbiol. 17, 250–251 (1969).
Steward, J.P., Ornellas, E.P., Beernink, K.D. & Northway, W.H. Errors in the technique of intraperitoneal injection of mice. Appl. Microbiol. 16, 1418–1419 (1968).
Coria-Avila, G.A., Gavrila, A.M., Ménard, S., Ismail, N. & Pfaus, J.G. Cecum location in rats and the implications for intraperitoneal injections. Lab. Anim. (NY) 36, 25–30 (2007).
Acknowledgements
We thank Marthina Greer for technical advice and assistance with animal handling techniques. The Filariasis Research Reagent Repository Center at the University of Georgia supplied the microfilaraemic blood samples and infected gerbils. This project was funded by National Institutes of Health Grant R15AI067295-01A1.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Griffiths, K., Alworth, L., Harvey, S. et al. Using an intravenous catheter to carry out abdominal lavage in the gerbil. Lab Anim 39, 143–148 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1038/laban0510-143
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/laban0510-143
This article is cited by
-
Multivariate chemogenomic screening prioritizes new macrofilaricidal leads
Communications Biology (2023)
-
Industrial scale high-throughput screening delivers multiple fast acting macrofilaricides
Nature Communications (2019)
-
The TLR2/6 ligand PAM2CSK4 is a Th2 polarizing adjuvant in Leishmania major and Brugia malayi murine vaccine models
Parasites & Vectors (2016)
-
Minocycline as a re-purposed anti-Wolbachia macrofilaricide: superiority compared with doxycycline regimens in a murine infection model of human lymphatic filariasis
Scientific Reports (2016)
-
Filarial infection influences mosquito behaviour and fecundity
Scientific Reports (2016)