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Effect of enhanced ultraviolet germicidal irradiation in the heating ventilation and air conditioning system on ventilator-associated pneumonia in a neonatal intensive care unit

Journal of Perinatology volume 31, pages 607–614 (2011)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Objective:

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that enhanced ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (eUVGI) installed in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) heating ventilation and air conditioning system (HVAC) would decrease HVAC and NICU environment microbes, tracheal colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Study

Design:The study was designed as a prospective interventional pre- and post-single-center study. University-affiliated Regional Perinatal Center NICU. Intubated patients in the NICU were evaluated for colonization, and a high-risk sub-population of infants <30 weeks gestation ventilated for ⩾14 days was studied for VAP. eUVGI was installed in the NICU's remote HVACs. The HVACs, NICU environment and intubated patients’ tracheas were cultured pre- and post-eUVGI for 12 months. The high-risk patients were studied for VAP (positive bacterial tracheal culture, increased ventilator support, worsening chest radiograph and ⩾7 days of antibiotics).

Result:

Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Serratia, Acinetobacter, Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species were cultured from all sites. eUVGI significantly decreased HVAC organisms (baseline 500 000 CFU cm−2; P=0.015) and NICU environmental microbes (P<0.0001). Tracheal microbial loads decreased 45% (P=0.004), and fewer patients became colonized. VAP in the high-risk cohort fell from 74% (n=31) to 39% (n=18), P=0.04. VAP episodes per patient decreased (Control: 1.2 to eUVGI: 0.4; P=0.004), and antibiotic usage was 62% less (P=0.013).

Conclusion:

eUVGI decreased HVAC microbial colonization and was associated with reduced NICU environment and tracheal microbial colonization. Significant reductions in VAP and antibiotic use were also associated with eUVGI in this single-center study. Large randomized multicenter trials are needed.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by a grant from the NYSTAR Center for Advanced Technology in Biomedical and Bioengineering, by the Department of Pediatrics, SUNY at Buffalo, and by an in-kind contribution of eUVGI technology and installation and environmental sample collection from Vigilair Systems. We acknowledge, Diane Dryja, Director of Kaleida Microbiology Laboratory for culture analysis, Andrea Mattingly, for data base analysis, Sharrie Licata, for guidance on billing, Michele Pamer for computer generated design and the NICU nurses for their invaluable assistance in sample collection.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Kaleida Health Systems, Buffalo, NY, USA

    R M Ryan, R J Wynn, B A Holm & C L Leach

  2. Gynecology-Obstetrics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Kaleida Health Systems, Buffalo, NY, USA

    R M Ryan & B A Holm

  3. Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Kaleida Health Systems, Buffalo, NY, USA

    R M Ryan

  4. Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Kaleida Health Systems, Buffalo, NY, USA

    G E Wilding

  5. Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Kaleida Health Systems, Buffalo, NY, USA

    R C Welliver

  6. Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Women and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Kaleida Health Systems, Buffalo, NY, USA

    B A Holm

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Correspondence to R M Ryan.

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Competing interests

Corinne Leach, MD, PhD, is the spouse of Vigilair Systems stockholder and former CEO (Timothy Leach), and she introduced the concept to our group.

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Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Journal of Perinatology website

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Ryan, R., Wilding, G., Wynn, R. et al. Effect of enhanced ultraviolet germicidal irradiation in the heating ventilation and air conditioning system on ventilator-associated pneumonia in a neonatal intensive care unit. J Perinatol 31, 607–614 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2011.16

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