Summary
The computer simulation model presented in the first paper in this series identified six parameters which were considered to represent the main processes determining the transmission rates and distribution characteristics of the B chromosomes of rye. Basically it was found that a drive mechanism is provided by the directed nondisjunction of Bs at first pollen grain, and first egg cell, mitosis and that, the other parameters are largely concerned in modifying the drive and in regulating the final equilibrium B levels.
The Bs were found to be “selfish” and to be capable of maintaining and dispersing themselves throughout populations even in the face of negative maladaptive effects upon reproductive and physiological fitness.
In this paper estimates are presented, from published sources, of the real values of the parameters concerned. These estimates have been used to assess the application of the model and to determine the range and means of the parameters in relation to differing genetic and environmental influences.
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
References
Barker, J F. 1966. Climatological distribution of a grasshopper supernumerary chromosome. Evolution, 20, 665–667.
Bosemark, N O. 1956. On accessory chromosomes in Festuca pratensis. III. Frequency and geographical distribution of plants with accessory chromosomes. Hereditas, 42, 189–210.
Bosemark, N O. 1967. Edaphic factors and the geographical distribution of accessory chromosomes, in Phleum phleoides. Hereditas, 57, 239–262.
Brown, W V. 1960. Supernumerary chromosomes in a population of Tradescantia edwardsiana. The Southwestern Naturalist, 5, 49–60.
Carlson, W R. 1978. The B chromosome of corn. Ann Rev Genet, 16, 5–23.
Carlson, W R, and Chou, T S. 1981. B chromosome nondisjunction in corn: control by factors near the centromere. Genetics, 97, 379–389.
Fröst, S. 1958. The geographical distribution of accessory chromosomes in Centaurea scabiosa. Hereditas, 44, 75–111.
Hasegawa, N. 1934. A cytological study of 8-chromosome rye. Cytologia, 6, 68–77.
Hewitt, G M. 1975. A sex-chromosome hybrid zone in the grasshopper Podisma pedestris (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Heredity, 35, 375–387.
Hewitt, G M, and Brown, F M. 1970. The B chromosome system of Myrmeleotettix maculatus. V. A steep cline in East Anglia. Heredity, 25, 363–371.
Hewitt, G M, and John, B. 1970. The B chromosome system of Myrmeleottix maculatus (Thunb.) IV. The dynamics. Evolution, 24, 169–180.
Hewitt, G M, and Ruscoe, C. 1971. Changes in microclimate correlated with a cline for B-chromosomes in the grasshopper Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunb.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J Animal Ecology, 40, 753–765.
Jones, R N. 1983. Are B chromosomes selfish? In Cavalier-Smith, T. (ed.) DNA and Evolution: Natural Selection and Genome Size, John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
Jones, R N, and Rees, H. 1982. B Chromosomes Academic Press.
Kimura, M, and Kayano, H. 1961. The maintenance of supernumerary chromosomes in wild populations of Lilium callosum by preferential segregation. Genetics, 46, 1699–1712.
Kishikawa, H. 1965. Cytogenetic studies of B chromosomes in rye, Secale cereale L., in Japan. Agric Bull Saga Univ, 21, 1–81.
Kishikawa, H. 1970. Effects of temperature and soil moisture on frequency of accessory chromosomes in rye, Secale cereale L. Jap J Breeding, 20, 269–274.
Mather, K. 1963. The Measurement of Linkage in Heredity. Methuen and Co. Ltd., London.
Mather, K. 1972. Statistical Analysis in Biology. Science Paperback, Chapman and Hall Ltd., London.
Matthews, R B. 1981. Studies on B Chromosomes with Particular References to Plant Disease. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wales.
Matthews, R B, and Jones, R N. 1982. Dynamics of the B chromosome polymorphism in rye. I. Simulated populations. Heredity, 48, 345–369.
Müntzing, A. 1943. Genetical effects of duplicated fragment chromosomes in rye. Hereditas, 29, 91–112.
Müntzing, A. 1946. Cytological studies of extra fragment chromosomes in rye. III. The mechanism of non-disjunction at the pollen mitosis. Hereditas, 32, 97–119.
Müntzing, A. 1951. The meiotic pairing of iso-chromosomes in rye. Portugaliae Acta Biologica Series A Goldschmidt Vol., 831–860.
Müntzing, A. 1963. Effects of accessory chromosomes in diploid and tetraploid rye. Hereditas, 49, 371–426.
Müntzing, A. 1967. Some main results from investigations of accessory chromosomes. Hereditas, 57, 432–438.
Müntzing, A, and Prakken, R. 1941. Chromosomal aberrations in rye populations. Hereditas, 27, 273–308.
Müntzing, A, Jaworska, H, and Carlibom, C. 1969. Studies of meiosis in the Lindström strain of wheat carrying accessory chromosomes of rye. Hereditas, 61, 179–207.
Nur, U. 1969. Harmful B chromosomes in a mealy bug: additional evidence. Chromosoma, 28, 280–297.
Ogihara, R. 1962. B chromosomes of Lilium auratum LINL. II. Frequency and distribution pattern of plants with the B chromosomes in natural populations. La Kromosomo, 53–54, 1785–1793.
Puertas, M J, and Carmona, R. 1976. Greater ability of pollen tube growth in rye plants with 2B chromosomes. Theor Appl Genet, 47, 41–43.
Puertas, M J, Diez, M, and Carmona, R. 1979. Rye B chromosome behaviour at first and second pollen mitosis and its relationship with anther maturity. Theor Appl Genet, 54, 65–68.
Ramel, C. 1980. A B chromosome system of Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thun.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Sweden. Hereditas, 92, 309–313.
Ward, E J. 1973. Nondisjunction: localisation of the controlling site in the maize B chromosome. Genetics, 73, 387–391.
Zeven, A, and Keijer, C J. 1980. The effect of the number of B chromosomes in rye on its crossability with wheat. Cereal Res Communications, 8, 491–494.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Matthews, R., Jones, R. Dynamics of the B chromosome polymorphism in rye II. Estimates of Parameters. Heredity 50, 119–137 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1983.14
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1983.14
This article is cited by
-
Meiotic behavior of a B-chromosome in Artemisia salsoloides Willd.: an important ethnomedicinal species of India
The Nucleus (2023)
-
The non-Mendelian behavior of plant B chromosomes
Chromosome Research (2022)
-
Evolution and biology of supernumerary B chromosomes
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (2014)
-
Genetic control of the rate of transmission of rye B chromosomes. III. Male meiosis and gametogenesis
Heredity (1997)
-
B-chromosomes in inbred lines of rye (Secale cereale L.)
Genetica (1994)