Abstract
Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) is desirable for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) targeted gene therapy; however, RIC may be insufficient for efficient engraftment and inducing immunological tolerance to transgenes. We previously established long-term gene marking in our rhesus macaque autologous HSC transplantation model following 10 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). In this study, we evaluated RIC transplantation with 4 Gy TBI in two rhesus macaques that received equal parts of CD34+ cells transduced with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing lentiviral vector and empty vector not expressing transgenes. In both animals, equivalently low gene marking between GFP and empty vectors was observed 6 months post-transplantation, even with efficient transduction of CD34+ cells in vitro. Autologous lymphocyte infusion with GFP marking resulted in an increase of gene marking in lymphocytes in a control animal with GFP tolerance, but not in the two RIC-transplanted animals. In vitro assays revealed strong cellular and humoral immune responses to GFP protein in the two RIC-transplanted animals, but this was not observed in controls. In summary, 4 Gy TBI is insufficient to permit engraftment of genetically modified HSCs and induce immunological tolerance to transgenes. Our findings should help in the design of conditioning regimens in gene therapy trials.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the intramural research program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). We thank the animal care staff and technicians at 5 Research Court for their excellent care and handling of the animals. We would also like to thank William DeGraff and Dr Jim Mitchell of the Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the use of the Eldorado Cobalt-60 irradiator.
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Uchida, N., Weitzel, R., Evans, M. et al. Evaluation of engraftment and immunological tolerance after reduced intensity conditioning in a rhesus hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy model. Gene Ther 21, 148–157 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/gt.2013.67
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/gt.2013.67
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