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Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. These authors contributed equally: Christopher R. M. Asquith, Michael P. East.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. These authors contributed equally: Christopher R. M. Asquith, Michael P. East.
Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
The RIO kinases (RIOKs) are a family of atypical kinases present in eukaryotes and archaea (Genome Res.8, 1038–1047; 1998). RIOK1 and RIOK2 are conserved throughout evolution, whereas multicellular eukaryotes, including humans, have a third RIOK, RIOK3. All three RIOKs are found in the pre-40S ribosome, and RIOK1 and RIOK2 are essential for ribosomal maturation (Mol. Cell. Biol.23, 2083–2095; 2003), but their functions are non-overlapping and poorly understood mechanistically. More recently, RIOKs have been found to regulate other biological pathways including cell cycle progression, AKT signalling and activating-mutant RAS-driven oncogenesis. The RIOKs have been implicated in a variety of human cancers including colorectal carcinoma, melanoma, non-small-cell lung carcinoma and glioblastoma (Curr. Genet. 65, 457–466; 2019).
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Nature Reviews Drug Discovery18, 574 (2019)
doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41573-019-00107-7
Acknowledgements
The authors thank T. Laitinen at the University of Eastern Finland for providing Figure 1. This article is part of a series from the NIH Common Fund Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) programme. The goal of IDG is to catalyse research on understudied proteins from druggable gene families by providing reagents, phenotypes and a mineable database, focusing on G protein-coupled receptors, kinases and ion channels. For more information, see https://druggablegenome.net/.
