Abstract
Activin A, a multifunctional factor of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) superfamily, is mainly produced by microglia and macrophages, and its anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory activities are both related to macrophage functions. However the direct effect of activin A on the rest macrophages in vivo remains unclear. In the present study, the results showed that activin A not only increased NO and IL-1β release, but also promoted phagocytic abilities of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo, whereas it did not influence MHC I and MHC II expression. Moreover, we found that activin A significantly upregulated the expressions of CD14 and CD68, markers of mature macrophages, on the surface of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. These data suggest that activin A can induce primary macrophage maturation in vitro and in vivo, but may not trigger the acquired immune response via regulating expression of MHC molecules involved in presentation of antigen.
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Wang, Y., Cui, X., Tai, G. et al. A Critical Role of Activin A in Maturation of Mouse Peritoneal Macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Cell Mol Immunol 6, 387–392 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2009.50
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/cmi.2009.50
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