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Long-term outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with intensified myeloablative conditioning for refractory myeloid malignancy

Bone Marrow Transplantation volume 51, pages 869–871 (2016)Cite this article

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Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative option for patients with chemorefractory myeloid malignancies,1 but 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates have been limited to <20% owing to the high risks of relapse and transplant-related mortality (TRM).2 Conventional myeloablative regimens including cyclophosphamide (CY) combined with TBI or busulfan (BU) have been widely applied for patients with myeloid malignancies in remission,3, 4 but optimal conditioning regimens have not been established for patients with malignancies not in remission before starting conditioning regimens.

The intensification of conditioning regimens has been attempted in order to offer stronger antitumor activity for high-risk diseases.5, 6, 7 We previously reported that an intensified conditioning regimen with BU, melphalan (MEL) and TBI provided a 50% DFS rate at 3 years after HCT in patients with high-risk leukemia.6 Another intensified regimen with BU, CY and TBI provided a 50% DFS rate at 5 years for patients with advanced myeloid malignancies including AML and CML.7 Although intensified conditioning regimens did not improve short-term OS rates in previous studies because of increased TRM rates despite decreased relapse rates,8, 9, 10 long-term follow-up outcomes have not been reported.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr Uchida, Toranomon Hospital, for providing patient information.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan

    N Kawashima, T Sato, M Nakashima, Y Kagaya, K Watakabe, A Seto, N Fukushima, S Kurahashi, Y Ozawa & K Miyamura

  2. Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

    Y Inamoto

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  1. N Kawashima
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  2. Y Inamoto
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Correspondence to N Kawashima.

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Kawashima, N., Inamoto, Y., Sato, T. et al. Long-term outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with intensified myeloablative conditioning for refractory myeloid malignancy. Bone Marrow Transplant 51, 869–871 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2016.15

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