Abstract
Radon, a well-established risk factor for human lung cancer, is present at low concentrations in most homes. Consequently, many countries have established national guidelines for residential radon concentrations. In this article, we evaluate two models for describing seasonal variation in residential radon concentrations based on the data from a large case–control study conducted in Winnipeg, Canada. In this study, radon levels in homes were monitored during two successive 6-month periods, with integrated annual radon concentrations obtained using CR-39 α-track detectors. Significant differences were noted among measurements taken during different seasons of the year. Using the model introduced by Pinel et al. (1995) to describe temporal variation in residential radon levels in southwest England using seasonal adjustment factors, reasonable predictions of annual average radon concentrations were obtained from the 6-month integrated radon measurements. However, a simple multiplicative model was found to provide better predictions than the seasonal adjustment model. Although model coefficients vary somewhat from one geographic location to another, the concordance with respect discriminating between results above and below 150 Bq/m3 in Winnipeg was in the range 85–90% using seasonal adjustment models with coefficients derived from data in either Winnipeg or southwest England.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 6 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $43.17 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alavanja M.C., et al. Residential radon exposure and risk of lung cancer in Missouri. Am J Public Health 1999: 89: 1042–1048.
Alavanja M.C., et al. Residential radon exposure and lung cancer among nonsmoking women. J Nat Cancer Inst 1994: 86: 1829–1837.
Auvinen A., et al. Indoor radon exposure and risk of lung cancer: a nested case-control study in Finland. J Nat Cancer Inst 1996: 88: 966–972.
Darby S., et al. Risk of lung cancer associated with residential radon exposure in south- west England: A case-control study. Br J Cancer 1998: 78: 394–408.
Field R.W., et al. Residential radon gas exposure and lung cancer: the Iowa radon lung cancer study. Am J Epidemiol 2000: 151: 1091–1102.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. Man-made Mineral Fibres and Radon. IARC Press, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 1988.
Kreienbrock L., et al. Case–control study on lung cancer and residential radon in western Germany. Am J Epidemiol 2001: 153: 42–52.
Kreuzer M., et al. Lung cancer in lifetime nonsmoking men - Results of a case-control study in Germany. Br J Cancer 2001: 84: 134–140.
Krewski D., et al. Managing environmental radon risks: a Canadian perspective. In: Freij L (Ed.). Management of Risks from Genotoxic Substances Present in the Environment. Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, Stockholm, 1989, pp 242–257.
Krewski D., et al. Characterization of uncertainty and variability in residential radon cancer risks. Ann NY Acad Sci 1999: 895: 245–272.
Krewski D., et al. Risk of lung cancer in North America associated with residential radon. Epidemiology 2004, in press.
Lagarde F., et al. Residential radon and lung cancer in Sweden: risk analysis accounting for random error in the exposure assessment. Health Phys 1997: 72: 269–276.
Létourneau E.G., et al. Case–control study of residential radon and lung cancer in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Am J Epidemiol 1994: 140: 310–322.
Létourneau E.G., et al. Levels of radon gas in Winnipeg homes. Radiat Protect Dosim 1992: 45: 531–534.
Lubin J.H., et al. Lung cancer in radon-exposed miners and estimation of risk from indoor exposure. J Nat Cancer Inst 1995: 87: 817–827.
Lubin J.H., et al. Estimating lung cancer mortality from residential radon using data for low exposure in miners. Radiat Res 1997: 147: 126–134.
Pershagen G., et al. Residential radon exposure and lung cancer in Sweden. N Eng J Med 1994: 330: 159–164.
Pinel J., et al. Seasonal correction factors for indoor radon measurements in the United Kingdom. Radiat Protect Dosim 1995: 58: 127–132.
Ruosteenoja E., et al. Radon and lung cancer in Finland. Health Phys 1996: 71: 185–189.
Sandler D.P., et al. Indoor radon and lung cancer risk: a case–control study in Connecticut and Utah. Radiat Res 1999: 151: 103–104.
Schoenberg J.B., et al. Case–control study of residential radon and lung cancer among New Jersey women. Cancer Res 1990: 50: 6520–6524.
Spiegel J., and Krewski D. Using willingness to pay to evaluate the effectiveness of Canada's residential radon exposure guidelines. Can J Public Health 2002: 93: 223–228.
U.S. National Research Council. Health Effects of Exposure to Radon. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1999.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (formerly the Medical Research Council of Canada) and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada to D. Krewski, who holds the NSERC/SSHRC/McLaughlin Chair in Population Health Risk Assessment at the University of Ottawa. We are grateful to three referees for their helpful comments on initial draft of this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Krewski, D., Mallick, R., Zielinski, J. et al. Modeling seasonal variation in indoor radon concentrations. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 15, 234–243 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500397
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jea.7500397
This article is cited by
-
Estimation of seasonal correction factor for indoor radon concentration in Slovakia: a preliminary survey
Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry (2022)
-
Indoor radon concentration in Korea residential environments
Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2018)