Abstract
The normal epithelial cell-specific 1 (NES1) gene (official name kallikrein gene 10; KLK10) is a new member of the expanding human kallikrein gene family and encodes for a secreted serine protease. Experimental evidence suggests that NES1 controls normal cell growth and may function as a tumour suppressor. NES1 is down-regulated during breast cancer progression. The NES1 gene is highly expressed in testicular as well as in other tissues. In this study, we investigated the expression level of the NES1 gene in cancerous and normal testicular tissues with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. In all 14 primary testicular germ-cell tumours examined, the NES1 gene expression was markedly reduced compared to adjacent (paired) normal tissues. We further examined 6 randomly selected primary germ-cell tumours and 8 normal tissues (obtained from different individuals). We confirmed the differential expression of the NES1 gene in germ-cell tumours (GCT) and pre-malignant carcinoma in situ (CIS). Our findings suggest that NES1 may act as a tumour suppressor and may play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of this malignancy. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign www.bjcancer.com
Similar content being viewed by others
Article PDF
Change history
16 November 2011
This paper was modified 12 months after initial publication to switch to Creative Commons licence terms, as noted at publication
References
Andrews PW (1998) Teratocarcinomas and human embryology: Pluripotent human EC lines. APMIS 106: 158–168
Bartkova J, Thullberg M, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Skakkebaek NE and Bartek J (2000) Cell cycle regulators in testicular cancer: loss of p18INK4Cmarks progression from carcinoma in situto invasive germ cell tumours. Int J Cancer 85: 370–375
Coleman MP, Esteve J, Damiecki P, Arslan A and Renard H (1993) Trends in cancer incidence and mortality. IARC Scientific Publications 121: 521–542
Dean RC and Moul JW (1998) New tumor markers of testis cancer. Urologic Clinics of North America 25: 365–373
Diamandis EP, Yousef GM, Luo L, Magklara I and Obiezu CV (2000) The new human kallikrein gene family: implications in carcinogenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 11: 54–60
Einhorn LH (1994) Salvage therapy for germ cell tumors. Semin Oncol 21: 47–51
Goyal J, Smith KM, Cowan JM, Wazer DE, Lee SW and Band V (1998) The role for NES1 serine protease as a novel tumor suppressor. Cancer Res 58: 4782–4786
Heidenreich A, Gaddipati JP, Moul JW and Srivastava S (1998) Molecular analysis of P16(Ink4)/CDKN2 and P15(INK4B)/MTS2 genes in primary human testicular germ cell tumours. J Urol 159: 1725–1730
Lee SW, Tomasetto C and Sager R (1991) Positive selection of candidate tumor-suppressor genes by subtractive hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 2825–2829
Liu XL, Wazer DE, Watanabe K and Band V (1996) Identification of a novel serine protease-like gene, the expression of which is down-regulated during breast cancer progression. Cancer Res 56: 3371–3379
Looijenga LHJ and Oosterhuis JW (1999) Pathogenesis of testicular germ cell tumors. Rev Reprod 4: 90–100
Luo L, Herbrick JA, Scherer SW, Beatty B, Squire J and Diamandis EP (1998) Structural characterization and mapping of the normal epithelial cell-specific 1 gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 247: 580–586
Magklara A, Scorilas A, Catalona WJ and Dimandis EP (1999) The combination of human glandular kallikrein and free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) enhances discrimination between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia in patients with moderately increased total PSA. Clin Chem 45: 1960–1966
Oesterling JE (1991) Prostate specific antigen: a critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J Urol 145: 907–923
Rajpert-De Meyts E, Jørgensen NE, Nielsen KB, Müller J and Skakkebæk NE (1998) Developmental arrest of germ cells in the pathogenesis of germ cell neoplasia. APMIS 106: 198–206
Skakkebaek NE (1972) Possible carcinoma in situ of the testis. Lancet ii: 516–517
Skakkebaek NE, Berthelsen JG, Giwercman A and Muller J (1987) Carcinoma-in-situ of the testis: possible origin from gonocytes and precursor of all types of germ cell tumours except spermatocytoma. Int J Androl 10: 19–28
Stamey TA, Yang N, Hay AR, McNeal JE, Freiha FS and Redwine E (1987) Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. N Engl J Med 317: 909–916
Strohmeyer T, Reissmann P, Cordon-Cardo C, Hartmann M, Ackermann R and Slamon D (1991) Correlation between retinoblastoma gene expression and differentiation in human testicular tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 6662–6666
Yu H, Giai M, Diamandis EP, Katsaros D, Sutherland DJ, Levesque MA, Roagna R, Ponzone R and Sismondi P (1995) Prostate-specific antigen is a new favorable prognostic indicator for women with breast cancer. Cancer Res 55: 2104–2110
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
From twelve months after its original publication, this work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
About this article
Cite this article
Luo, LY., Meyts, ED., Jung, K. et al. Expression of the normal epithelial cell-specific 1 (NES1; KLK10) candidate tumour suppressor gene in normal and malignant testicular tissue. Br J Cancer 85, 220–224 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2001.1870
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1054/bjoc.2001.1870
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
KLK10 exon 3 unmethylated PCR product concentration: a new potential early diagnostic marker in ovarian cancer? - A pilot study
Journal of Ovarian Research (2018)
-
Evaluation and prognostic significance of human tissue kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (KLK10) in colorectal cancer
Tumor Biology (2012)
-
The use of kallikrein-related peptidases as adjuvant prognostic markers in colorectal cancer
British Journal of Cancer (2009)
-
The canine kallikrein-related peptidases 9 and 10: structural characterization and expression in mammary cancer
Mammalian Genome (2009)
-
Hypermethylation of the 5′ CpG island of the gene encoding the serine protease Testisin promotes its loss in testicular tumorigenesis
British Journal of Cancer (2005)