1. 1.

   Tierney, J. When Energy Efficiency Sullies the Environment. The New York Times (7 March 2011).

   • • Google Scholar
2. 2.

   Jevons, W. S. The Coal Question (Macmillan, 1865).

   • • Google Scholar
3. 3.

   International Energy Agency World Energy Outlook 2012 (OECD/IEA, 2012).

   • • Google Scholar
4. 4.

   Gillingham, K. T. PhD thesis, Stanford Univ. (2011); available at go.nature.com/krwzxm.

   • • Google Scholar
5. 5.

   Jessoe, K. & Rapson, D. Knowledge is (Less) Power: Experimental Evidence from Residential Energy Use NBER Working Paper 18344 (2012).

   • • Google Scholar
6. 6.

   Chetty, R., Looney, A. & Kroft, K. Am. Econ. Rev. 99, 1145–1177 (2009).

   • • Article
     • Google Scholar
7. 7.

   Thomas, B. & Azevedo, I. Ecol. Econ. (in the press).

   • • Google Scholar
8. 8.

   Barker, T., Ekins, P. & Foxon, T. Energy Policy 35, 4935–4946 (2007).

   • • Article
     • Google Scholar
9. 9.

   Barker, T., Dagoumas, A. & Rubin, J. Energy Efficiency 2, 411–427 (2009).

   • • Article
     • Google Scholar

Download references