Are two penises better than one? Not so, implies a study of doubly endowed earwigs. An ancestral behavioural preference for the right penis might have facilitated the loss of the left in species that arose later.
Access options
Subscribe to Journal
Get full journal access for 1 year
220,50 €
only 4,32 € per issue
All prices include VAT for France.
Rent or Buy article
Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube.
from$8.99
All prices are NET prices.
References
- 1.
Rogers, D. C. & Fugate, M. West. N. Am. Nat. 61, 11–18 (2001).
- 2.
Bechly, G., Brauckmann, C., Zessin, W. & Groning, E. J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 39, 209–226 (2001).
- 3.
Knoflach, B. & van Harten, A. J. Nat. Hist. 40, 1483–1616 (2006).
- 4.
Tokarz, R. R. & Slowinski, J. B. Anim. Behav. 40, 374–379 (1990).
- 5.
Shine, R., Olsson, M. M., LeMaster, M. P., Moore, I. T. & Mason, R. T. Behav. Ecol. 11, 411–415 (2000).
- 6.
Kamimura, Y. J. Morphol. 267, 1381–1389 (2006).
- 7.
Haas, F. & Kukalova-Peck, J. Eur. J. Entomol. 98, 445–509 (2001).
- 8.
Jarvis, K. J., Haas, F. & Whiting, M. F. Syst. Entomol. 30, 442–453 (2005).
- 9.
Baldwin, J. M. Am. Nat. 30, 441–451 (1896).
- 10.
Baldwin, J. M. Am. Nat. 30, 536–553 (1896).
- 11.
Lamarck, J. B. Philosophie Zoologique (Dentu, Paris, 1809).
- 12.
Trinkaus, E., Churchill, S. E. & Ruff, C. B. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 93, 1–34 (1994).
- 13.
Nyland, K. B., Lombardo, M. P. & Thorpe, P. A. Wilson Bull. 115, 470–473 (2003).
- 14.
Petersen, A. D., Lombardo, M. P. & Power, H. W. Anim. Behav. 62, 739–741 (2001).
- 15.
King, A. S. in Form and Function in Birds Vol. 2 (eds King, A. S. & McLelland, J.) 107–148 (Academic, New York, 1981).
- 16.
White, R. E., Borror, D. J. & Peterson, R. T. A Field Guide to Insects: America North of Mexico (Houghton Mifflin, Boston, 1998).
- 17.
Palmer, A. R. Science 306, 828–833 (2004).
Author information
Affiliations
A. Richard Palmer is in the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9 Canada. rich.palmer@ualberta.ca
- A. Richard Palmer
Authors
Search for A. Richard Palmer in:
Rights and permissions
To obtain permission to re-use content from this article visit RightsLink.
About this article
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.
