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No association of trace amine receptor genes with bipolar disorder

Molecular Psychiatry volume 12, pages 979–981 (2007)Cite this article

The trace amine-associated receptor genes (TAARs) have been considered as important candidates for both schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) based on mapping,1, 2 expression3 and association of TAAR6 (a.k.a. TRAR4) with BD and SZ.4, 5 Clinical studies have demonstrated elevated urinary levels of one of the trace amines (β-phenylethylamine) in SZ and BD patients.6, 7

To replicate the reported association and further explore roles of other trace amine receptors in BD susceptibility, we performed a family-based association analysis of all the known nine TAAR genes in 1310 samples, which consisted of 989 samples from the NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health) Genetics Initiative for Bipolar Disorder Waves 1–4 series (including waves 1–2: 23 trios and 83 quads; waves 3–4: 22 trios and 112 quads); 83 samples from the Clinical Neurogenetics (CNG) series (including 6 trios and 8 quads); and 238 samples from the Chicago-Hopkins-Intramural Project (CHIP) series (including 14 trios and 49 quads). The NIMH wave 3 samples showed linkage with 6q23 in previous genome scan study.8 All affected children met DSM-IV criteria for bipolar or schizoaffective bipolar type based on the Diagnostic Instrument for Genetic Studies, medical records and information from family informants. We used the affection status model that includes BPI, BPII and schizoaffective bipolar type in our association analyses. BPI only model was also tested. All samples were Caucasian except for nine families, which were identified as African or Asian by STRUCTURE9 analysis using 254 unlinked SNPs (data not shown). These nine families (five in CNG and waves 1 and 2; four in waves 3 and 4 and CHIP) were excluded from analyses: 110 offspring in the families were females and 185 were males. The statistical power analysis performed using PBAT (http://www.biostat.harvard.edu/~clange/default.htm) (Supplementary Table S1) shows that this whole Caucasian sample (63 trios and 245 quads) has 80% power to detect association with odds ratios of 1.7 and 1.5 for allele frequency of 0.1 and 0.5, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    C Liu, J Shi, J A Badner, H Zou, Y Qian & E S Gershon

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  1. C Liu
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  2. J Shi
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  3. J A Badner
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  4. H Zou
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Correspondence to C Liu.

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Supplementary Information accompanies the paper on the Molecular Psychiatry website (http://www.nature.com/mp)

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Liu, C., Shi, J., Badner, J. et al. No association of trace amine receptor genes with bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 12, 979–981 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4002037

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