The standard DNA-replicating machinery cannot copy damaged DNA, so SOS enzymes come to the rescue. It now seems, at least in some bacteria, that different enzymes are required for different types of damage.
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Hanaoka, F. SOS polymerases. Nature 409, 33–34 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/35051208
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35051208
