Abstract
Models of Jupiter's formation and structure predict that its atmosphere is enriched in oxygen, relative to the Sun, and that consequently water clouds should be present globally near the 5-bar pressure level1,2. Past attempts to confirm these predictions have led to contradictory results3,4,5; in particular, the Galileo probe revealed a very dry atmosphere at the entry site, with no significant clouds at depths exceeding the 2-bar level6,7. Although the entry site was known to be relatively cloud-free, the contrast between the observed local dryness and the expected global wetness was surprising. Here we analyse near-infrared (around 5 µm) observations of Jupiter, a spectral region that can reveal the water vapour abundance and vertical cloud structure in the troposphere8. We find that humid and extremely dry regions exist in close proximity, and that some humid regions are spatially correlated with bright convective clouds extending from the deep water clouds to the visible atmosphere.
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Acknowledgements
This work was partly carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA, through the Jupiter System Data Analysis Program and the Galileo Project. M.R.-S. acknowledges financial support from PRAXIS XXI/FCT (Fundação pana a Ciência e a Tecnologia), and the French Embassy/ICCTI (Instituto de Cooperação Cietífica e Tecnológica Internacional), Portugal. We thank P. Gierasch, D. Banfield and T. Entrenaz for very constructive discussions, and J. Yoshimizu for help in making Fig. 1.
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Roos-Serote, M., Vasavada, A., Kamp, L. et al. Proximate humid and dry regions in Jupiter's atmosphere indicate complex local meteorology. Nature 405, 158–160 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1038/35012023
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/35012023
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