Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Review Article
  • Published:

The molecular biology of immunoglobulin D

Abstract

Immunoglobulin D (IgD) is co-expressed with immunoglobulin M (IgM) on the membranes of most B cells, yet its biological function has remained a mystery. Recent detailed information on the structure and transcription of the unusual IgD heavy chain (δ) gene in mouse suggests a complex genetic control A model is presented for the developmental regulation of IgM and IgD and roles suggested for the membrane and secreted forms of IgD in the immune network.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shimizu, A., Takahashi, N., Yoshita, Y. & Honjo, T. Cell 28, 499–506 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Marcu, K. B. Cell 29, 719–721 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Tonegawa, S. Nature 302, 575–581 (1983).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cosenza, H. & Köhler, H. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 2701–2705 (1972).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Eichman, K. & Rajewsky, K., Eur. J. Immun. 5, 661–666 (1975).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Van Boxel, J. A., Paul, W. E., Terry, W. D. & Green, I. J. Immun. 109, 648–651 (1972).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Vitetta, E. S. et al. J. Exp. Med. 141, 206–215.

  8. Rowe, D. S. & Fahey, J. L. J. exp. Med. 121, 171–178 (1965).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Pernis, B., Forni, L. & Luzzati, A. L. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 41, 139–145 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cooper, M. D., Kearney, J. F., Lydyard, P. M., Grossi, C. E. & Lawton, A. R. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 41, 139–147 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Goding, J. W., Scott, D. W. & Layton, J. E. Immun. Rev. 37, 152–186 (1977).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Vitetta, E. S. & Uhr, J. E. Eur. J. Immun. 6, 140–143 (1976).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kearney, J. F. et al. J. exp. Med. 146, 297–301 (1977).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Layton, J. E., Johnson, G. R., Scott, D. W. & Nossal, G. J. V. Eur. J. Immun. 8 325–330 (1978).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Stern, C. & McConnell, I. Eur. J. Immun. 6, 225–227 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Goding, J. W. & Layton, J. E. J. exp. Med. 144, 852–857 (1976).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Bargellesi, A., Corte, G., Cosulich, E. E. & Ferrarini, M. Eur. J. Immun. 9, 490–492 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Finkelman, F. D., Woods, V. L., Berning, A. & Scher, I. J. Immun. 123, 1253–1259 (1979).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Parker, D. C. Immun. Rev. 52, 115–139 (1980).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Vitetta, E. S., Pure, E., Isakson, P. C., Buck, L. & Uhr, J. W. Immun. Rev. 52, 211–231 (1980).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Sieckmann, D. G., Scher, I., Asofsky, R., Mosier, D. E. & Paul, W. E. J. exp. Med. 148, 1628–1643 (1978).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Vitetta, E. S. & Uhr, J. W. Science 189, 964–969 (1975).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Scott, D. W., Layton, J. E. & Nossal, G. J. V. J. exp. Med. 146, 1473–1483 (1977).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Bourgois, A., Kitajima, K., Hunger, I. R. & Askonas, B. A. Eur. J. Immun. 7, 151–153 (1977).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Sitia, R., Abbott, J. & Hammerling, U. Eur. J. Immun. 9, 859–864 (1979).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Parker, D. C., Fothergill, J. J. & Wadsworth, D. C. J. Immun. 123, 931–941 (1979).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Isakson, P. C., Pure, E., Uhr, J. W. & Vitetta, E. S. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 2507–2511 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Black, S. J. Van du Loo, W., Loken, M. R. & Herzenberg, L. A. J. exp. Med. 147, 984–996 (1980).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Herzenberg, L. A., Black, S. J., Tokuhisa, T. & Herzenberg, L. A. J exp. Med. 151, 1071–1087 (1980).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Zan-Bar, I., Strober, S. & Vitetta, E. S. J. Immun. 123, 925–930 (1979).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Coffman, R. L. & Cohn, M. J. Immun. 118, 1806–1815 (1977).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Jacobsen, E. B. et al. J. exp. Med. 154, 318–332 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Manning, D. D. J. reticuloendothel. Soc. 18, 63–86 (1975).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Cooper, M. D., Kearney, J. F., Gathings, W. E. & Lawton, A. R. Immun. Rev. 52, 29–53 (1980).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Zitron, M., Mosier, D. E. & Paul, W. E. J. exp. Med. 146, 1707–1718 (1977).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Cambier, J. C. & Vitetta, E. S. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 432–435 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tucker, P. W., Liu, C.-P., Mushinski, J. F. & Blattner, F. R. Science 209, 1353–1360 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Cheng, H.-L., Blattner, F. R., Fitzmaurice, L., Mushinski, J. F. & Tucker, P. W. Nature 296, 410–415 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Eidels, L. J. Immun. 123, 891–902 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Mescher, M. & Pollack, R. R. J. Immun. 123, 1155–1161 (1979).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Finkelman, F. D., Kessler, S. W., Mushinski, J. F. & Potter, M. J. Immun. 126, 680–687 (1981).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Early, P. et al. Cell 20, 313–319 (1980).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Kawakami, T., Takahashi, N. & Honjo, T. Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 3933–3945 (1981).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Alt, F. W. et al. Cell 20, 293–302 (1980).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Rogers, J. et al. Cell 20, 303–312 (1980).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Liu, C.-P., Tucker, P. W., Mushinski, J. F. & Blattner, F. R. Science 209, 1348–1352 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Moore, K. W. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 1800–1804 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Maki, R. et al. Cell 24, 353–365 (1981).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Knapp, M. R. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 2996–3000 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Knapp, M. R. et al. J. Immun. 123, 992–999 (1979).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Rasche, W. C. Curr. Topics Microbiol. Immun. 81, 70–76 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Knapp, M. R., Severinson-Gronowicz, E., Schroeder, J. & Strober, S. J. Immun. 123, 1000–1006 (1979).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Wabl, M. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 77, 6793–6796 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Nikaido, T., Yamawaki-Kataoka, Y. & Honjo, T. J. biol. Chem. 257, 7322–7329 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Richards, J. E., Gilliam, A. C., Shen, A., Tucker, P. W. & Blattner, F. R. Nature 306, 483–487 (1983).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Nikaido, T., Nakai, S. & Honjo, T. Nature 292, 845–848 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Davis, M. M., Kim, S. K. & Hood, L. Cell 22, 1–2 (1980).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Marcu, K. B., Lang, R. B., Stanton, L. W. & Harris, L. J. Nature 298, 87–89 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Mushinski, J. F. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 7405–7409 (1981).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Sablitzky, F., Radbruch, A. & Rajewsky, K. R. Immun. Rev. 67, 59–72 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Mather, E. L. & Perry, R. P. Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 6855–6866 (1981).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Mount, S. M. Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 459–472 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Darnell, J. E. Nature 297, 365–371 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Ziff, E. B. Nature 278, 491–499 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. Nevins, J. R. Cell 28, 1–2 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Hofer, E., Hofer-Warbinek, R. & Darnell, J. E. Cell 29, 887–893 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Proudfoot, N. Nature 298, 516–517 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Proudfoot, N. J. & Brownlee, G. G. Nature 252, 359–362 (1964).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. Hagenbuchle, O., Bovey, R. & Young, R. A. Cell 21, 179–187 (1980).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Nelson, K. J., Haimovich, J. & Perry, R. P. Molec. cell. Biol. 3, 1317–1332 (1983).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  71. Defranco, A. L., Raveche, E. S., Asofsky, R. & Paul, W. E. J. exp. Med. 155, 1523–1536 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Cohen, P., Ziff, M. & Vitetta, E. S. J. Immun. 121, 973–980 (1978).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Kemp, D. J., Morahan, G., Cowman, A. F. & Harris, A. W. J. Cell Biochem. 6, 310 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Melchers, F. & Cone, R., Eur. J. Immun. 5, 382–388 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Yaoita, Y., Kumagai, Y., Okumura, K. & Honjo, T. Nature 297, 697–699 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Gillies, S. D., Morrison, S. L., Oi, V. T. & Tonegawa, S. Cell 33, 717–728 (1983).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Banerji, J., Olson, L. & Schaffner, W. Cell 33, 729–740 (1983).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Queen, C. & Baltimore, D. Cell 33, 741–748 (1983).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Rogers, J. & Wall, R. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 7497–7501 (1982).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. Yuan, D. & Tucker, P. W. J. Immun, (in the press).

  81. Pure, E. & Vitetta, E. S. J. Immun. 125, 420–427 (1980).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Jerne, N. K. Ann. Immun. Inst. Pasteur 125C, 373–389 (1974).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Kelsoe, G., Reth, M. & Rawesky, K. Immun. Rev. 52, 75–88 (1980).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Hiernaux, J. Fedn Proc. 40, 1484–1488 (1981).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Tokuhisa, T. & Taniguchi, M. J. exp. Med. 155, 126–139 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Janeway, C. A. Jr, Sakato, N. & Eisen, H. N. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 2357–2360 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. Janeway, C. A. Jr & Frost, R. in Strategies of Immune Regulation (eds Sercarz, E. & Cunningham, A.) 179 (Academic, New York, 1980).

    Book  Google Scholar 

  88. Lin, L.-C. & Putnam, F. W. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 78, 504–508 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Putnam, F. W., Takahashi, N., Tetaert, D., Debuire, B. & Lin, L.-C. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci U.S.A. 78, 6168–6172 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Takahashi, N., Tetaert, D., Debuire, B., Lin, L.-C. & Putnam, F. W. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 2850–2854 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Shinoda, T. N., Takahashi, T., Takayasu, T., Okuyama, T. & Shimizu, A. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 785–789 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Rabbitts, T. H., Forster, A. & Milstein, C. P. Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 4509–4524 (1981).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Alcaraz, G., Bourgois, A., Moulin, A., Bozin, H. & Fourgeraeu, M. Annls Immun. Inst. Pasteur, Paris 131C, 363–388 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  94. Sire, J., Auffray, C. & Jordan, B. R. Gene 20, 377–386 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Dildrop, R. & Beyruther, K. Nature 292, 61–63 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  96. Poljak, R. J. CRC crit. Rev. Biochem. 5, 45–68 (1978).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  97. Leslie, G. A. & Cuchens, M. A. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 399, 131–141 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  98. Fitzmaurice, L. et al. Nature 296, 459–462 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  99. Siden, E., Alt, F. W., Shinefeld, L., Sato, V. & Baltimore, D. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 1823–1827 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Alt, F. W., Rosenberg, N. E., Enea, V., Siden, E. & Baltimore, D. Molec. cell. Biol. 2, 386–400 (1982).

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  101. Kemp, D. J., Harris, A. W., Cory, S. & Adams, J. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 2876–2880 (1980).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Honjo, T. et al. Cell 18, 559–568 (1979).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Rogers, J. et al. Cell 26, 19–27 (1981).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Yamawaki-Kataoka, Y., Nakai, S., Miyata, T. & Honjo, T. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 2623–2627 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Tyler, B. M., Cowman, A. F., Gerondakis, S. D., Adams, J. M. & Bernard, O. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 2008–2012 (1982).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Tucker, P. W., Marcu, K. B., Newell, N. N., Richards, J. E. & Blattner, F. R. Science 206, 1303–1306 (1979).

    Article  ADS  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Yamawaki-Kataoka, Y., Miyata, T. & Honjo, T. Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 1365–1381 (1981).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  108. Nishida, Y. et al. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 1581–1585 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Ishida, N., Ueda, S., Hayashida, H., Miyata, T. & Honjo, T. EMBO J. 1, 1117–1123 (1982).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  110. Tucker, P. W., Slightom, J. S. & Blattner, F. R. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 7684–7688 (1981).

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Word, C. J., Mushinski, J. F. & Tucker, P. W. EMBO J. 2, 887–898 (1983).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Blattner, F., Tucker, P. The molecular biology of immunoglobulin D. Nature 307, 417–422 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1038/307417a0

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/307417a0

This article is cited by

Comments

By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.

Search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing