Abstract
VARIOUS authors have discussed pulse-shortening in high-current electron linear accelerators, suggesting that the phenomenon is due to the excitation of an E11 mode in the iris-loaded wave-guide by the electron beam. The E11 mode, having deflecting properties, is believed to impart transverse momentum to the electrons, causing them to strike the wave-guide and be lost. In particular, Crowley-Milling et al.1 attribute the interaction of the E11 wave with the beam to the fact that the wave has a negative group velocity, on the grounds that only in such a backward wave do the magnetic and electric forces not cancel each other at the velocity of light.
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References
Crowley-Milling, M. C., Jarvis, T. R., Miller, C. W., and Saxon, G., Nature, 191, 483 (1961).
Kelliher, M. G., and Beadle, R., Nature, 187, 1099 (1960).
Brown, K. L., Eldredge, A. L., Helm, R. H., Jasberg, J. H., Lebacqz, J. V., Loew, G. A., Mozley, R. F., Neal, R. B., Panofsky, W. K. H., and Turner, T. F., Proc. Intern. Conf. High Energy Accelerators, 85 (1961).
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BELL, M., BRAMHAM, P. & MONTAGUE, B. Pulse-shortening in Electron Linear Accelerators and E11 Type Modes. Nature 198, 277–278 (1963). https://doi.org/10.1038/198277a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/198277a0
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