Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation is an effective therapy for a range of malignancies. High doses of myelosuppressive chemotherapy or radiation have been used in preparative regimens with the goal of preventing graft rejection and eradicating malignancy. Much of the benefit of transplantation, however, results from graft-versus-malignancy effects, mediated by donor immunocompetent cells. An alternative approach is to utilize less toxic, nonmyeloablative preparative regimens to achieve engraftment and allow graft-versus-malignancy effects to develop. This strategy reduces the risk of treatment-related mortality and allows transplantation for elderly or medically infirm patients not eligible for myeloablative therapy. Nonmyeloablative preparative regimens appear promising in diagnoses sensitive to graft-versus-malignancy effects and provide a platform for further development of cellular immunotherapy. Controlled clinical trials are warranted to define the role of nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplants in a range of hematologic malignancies and selected solid tumors. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2001) 27, Suppl. 2, S13–S22.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Rent or buy this article
Prices vary by article type
from$1.95
to$39.95
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Thomas ED . Marrow transplantation for malignant diseases J Clin Oncol 1983 1: 517–531
Weiden PL, Flournoy N, Thomas ED et al. Antileukemic effect of graft-versus-host disease in human recipients of allogeneic marrow grafts New Engl J Med 1979 300: 1068–1073
Weiden PL, Sullivan KM, Flournoy N et al., the Seattle Marrow Transplant Team. Antileukemic effect of chronic graft-versus-host disease: contribution to improved survival after allogeneic marrow transplantation New Engl J Med 1981 304: 1529–1532
Sullivan KM, Storb R, Buckner CD et al. Graft-versus-host disease as adoptive immunotherapy in patients with advanced hematologic neoplasms New Engl J Med 1989 320: 828–834
Gale RP, Champlin RE . How does bone marrow transplantation cure leukemia? Lancet 1984 2: 28–30
Gale RP, Horowitz MM, Ash RC et al. Identical-twin bone marrow transplants for leukemia Ann Intern Med 1994 120: 646–652
Fefer A, Cheever MA, Greeberg PD . Identical-twin (syngeneic) marrow transplantation for hematologic cancers J Natl Cancer Inst 1986 76: 1269–1271
Marmont AM, Horowitz MM, Gale RP et al. T-cell depletion of HLA-identical transplants in leukemia Blood 1991 78: 2120–2130
Horowitz MM, Gale RP, Sondel PM et al. Graft-versus-leukemia reactions after bone marrow transplantation Blood 1990 75: 555–562
Kolb HJ, Schattenberg A, Goldman JM et al. Graft-vs-leukemia effect of donor lymphocyte transfusions in marrow grafted patients Blood 1995 86: 2041–2050
Van Rhee F, Lin F, Cullis JO et al. Relapse of chronic myeloid leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplant: the case for giving donor leukocyte transfusions before the onset of hematologic relapse Blood 1994 83: 3377–3383
Cullis JO, Jiang YZ, Schwarer AP et al. Donor leukocyte infusions for chronic myeloid leukemia in relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Blood 1992 79: 1379–1381
Antin JH . Graft-versus-leukemia: no longer an epiphenomenon Blood 1993 82: 2273–2277
Drobyski WR, Keever CA, Roth MS et al. Salvage immunotherapy using donor leukocyte infusions as treatment for relapsed chronic myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: efficacy and toxicity of a defined T-cell dose Blood 1993 82: 2310–2318
Hoffmann T, Theobald M, Bunjes D et al. Frequency of bone marrow T cells responding to HLA-identical non-leukemic and leukemic stimulator cells Bone Marrow Transplant 1993 12: 1–8
Collins RH Jr, Shpilberg O, Drobyski WR et al. Donor leukocyte infusions in 140 patients with relapsed malignancy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation J Clin Oncol 1997 15: 433–444
Giralt SA, Champlin RE . Leukemia relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a review Blood 1994 84: 3603–3612
Keil F, Haas OA, Fritsch G et al. Donor leukocyte infusion for leukemic relapse after allogeneic marrow transplantation: lack of residual donor hematopoiesis predicts aplasia Blood 1997 89: 3113–3117
Faber LM, Van der Hoeven J, Goulmy E et al. Recognition of clonogenic leukemic cells, remission bone marrow and HLA-identical donor bone marrow by CD8+ or CD4+ minor histocompatibility antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes J Clin Invest 1995 96: 877–883
Jiang Y-Z, Kanfer EJ, Macdonald D et al. Graft-versus-leukaemia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: emergence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes reacting to host leukaemia cells Bone Marrow Transplant 1991 8: 253–258
Sosman JA, Oettel KR, Smith SD et al. Specific recognition of human leukemic cells by allogeneic T cells: II. Evidence for HLA-D restricted determinants on leukemic cells that are crossreactive with determinants present on unrelated nonleukemic cells Blood 1990 75: 2005–2016
Childs R, Clave E, Contentin N et al. Engraftment kinetics after nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation: full donor T-cell chimerism precedes alloimmune responses Blood 1999 94: 3234–3241
Goulmy E, Voogt P, Van Els C et al. The role of minor histocompatibility antigens in GVHD and rejection: a mini-review Bone Marrow Transplant 1991 7 (Suppl. 1): 49–51
Falkenburg JHF, Goselink HM, Van der Harst D et al. Growth inhibition of clonogeneic leukemic precursor cells by minor histocompatibility antigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes J Exp Med 1991 174: 27–33
Mutis T, Verdijk R, Schrama E et al. Feasibility of immunotherapy of relapsed leukemia with ex vivo-generated cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for hematopoietic system-restricted minor histocompatibility antigens Blood 1999 93: 2336–2341
Bonnett D, Warren EH, Greenberg PD et al. CD8+ minor histocompatibility antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones eliminate human acute myeloid leukemia stem cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 96: 8639–8644
Warren EH, Greenberg PD, Riddell SR . Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-defined human minor histocompatibility antigens with a restricted tissue distribution Blood 1998 91: 2197–2207
Clave E, Molldrem J, Hensel N et al. Donor-recipient polymorphism of the proteinase 3 gene: a potential target for T-cell alloresponses to myeloid leukemia J Immunother 1999 22: 1–6
Molldrem JJ, Clave E, Jiang YZ et al. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a nonpolymorphic proteinase 3 peptide preferentially inhibit chronic myeloid leukemia colony-forming units Blood 1997 90: 2529–2534
Molldrem J, Dermime S, Parker K et al. Targeted T-cell therapy for human leukemia: cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a peptide derived from proteinase 3 preferentially lyse human myeloid leukemia cells Blood 1996 88: 2450–2457
Molldrem JJ, Lee PP, Wang CQ et al. A PR1-human leukocyte antigen-A2 tetramer can be used to isolate low-frequency cytotoxic T lymphocytes from healthy donors that selectively lyse chronic myelogenous leukemia Cancer Res 1999 59: 2675–2681
Ohminami H, Yasukawa M, Fujita S . HLA class I-restricted lysis of leukemia cells by a CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clone specific for WT1 peptide Blood 2000 95: 286–293
Korngold R, Sprent J . T cell subsets and graft-versus-host disease Transplantation 1987 44: 335–339
Korngold R, Sprent J . Variable capacity of L3 T4 + T cells to cause lethal graft-versus-host disease across minor histocompatibility barriers in mice J Exp Med 1987 165: 52–64
Ferrara JLM, Deeg HJ . Mechanisms of disease: graft-versus-host disease New Engl J Med 1991 324: 667–674
Ferrara JLM, Abhyankar S, Gilliland DG . Cytokine storm of graft-versus-host disease: a critical effector role for interleukin-1 Transplant Proc 1993 25: 1216–1217
Ferrara JLM, Krenger W . Graft-versus-host disease: the influence of type 1 and type 2 T cell cytokines Transf Med Rev 1998 12: 1–17
Truitt RL, Atasoylu AA . Contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to graft-versus-host disease and graft-versus-leukemia reactivity after transplantation of MHC-compatible bone marrow Bone Marrow Transplant 1991 8: 51–58
Okunewick JP, Kociban DL, Machen LL, Buffo MJ . The role of CD4 and CD8 T cells in the graft-versus-leukemia response in Rauscher murine leukemia Bone Marrow Transplant 1991 8: 445–452
Okunewick JP, Kociban DL, Machen LL, Buffo MJ . Evidence for a possible role of Asialo-GM1-positive cells in the graft-versus-leukemia repression of a murine type-C retroviral leukemia Bone Marrow Transplant 1995 16: 451–456
Faber LM, Van Luxemburg-Heijs SAP, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF . Generation of leukemia-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones from the HLA-identical bone marrow donor of a patient with leukemia J Exp Med 1992 176: 1283–1289
Jiang Y-Z, Barrett AJ . Cellular and cytokine mediated effects of CD4-positive lymphocyte lines generated in vitro against chronic myelogeneous leukemia Exp Hematol 1995 23: 1167–1172
Jiang YZ, Mavroudis D, Dermime S et al. Alloreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes can exert cytotoxicity to chronic myeloid leukaemia cells processing and presenting exogenous antigen Br J Haematol 1996 93: 606–612
Van der Harst D, Goulmy E, Falkenburg JHF et al. Recognition of minor histocompatibility antigens on lymphocytic and myeloid leukemic cells by cytotoxic T-cell clones Blood 1994 83: 1060–1066
Jiang YZ, Barrett AJ, Goldman JM, Mavroudis DA . Association of natural killer cell immune recovery with a graft-versus-leukemia effect independent of graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Ann Hematol 1997 74: 1–6
Zeis M, Uharek L, Glass B et al. Allogeneic NK cells as potent antileukemic effector cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice Transplantation 1995 59: 1734–1736
Glass B, Uharek L, Zeis M et al. Graft-versus-leukaemia activity can be predicted by natural cytotoxicity against leukaemia Br J Haematol 1996 93: 412–420
Ribas A, Bui LA, Butterfield LH et al. Antitumor protection using murine dendritic cells pulsed with acid-eluted peptides from in vivo grown tumors of different immunogenicities Anticancer Res 1999 19: 1165–1170
Giralt S, Gajewski J, Khouri I et al. Induction of graft-versus-leukemia as primary treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia Blood 1997 90 (Suppl. 1): 1857a
Khouri I, Keating M, Korbling M et al. Transplant lite: induction of graft-versus-leukemia using fludarabine-based nonablative chemotherapy and allogeneic blood progenitor cell transplantation as treatment for lymphoid malignancies J Clin Oncol 1998 16: 2817–2824
Slavin S, Nagler A, Naparstek E et al. Nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation and cell therapy as an alternative to conventional bone marrow transplantation with lethal cytoreduction for the treatment of malignant and nonmalignant hematologic diseases Blood 1998 91: 756–763
Storb R, Yu C, Wagner JL et al. Stable mixed hematopoietic chimerism in DLA-identical littermate dogs given sublethal total body irradiation before and pharmacological immunosuppression after marrow transplantation Blood 1997 89: 3048–3054
Antin JH, Ferrara JLM . Cytokine dysregulation and acute graft-versus-host disease Blood 1992 80: 2964–2968
Hill GR, Crawford JM, Cooke KR et al. Total body irradiation and acute graft-versus-host disease: the role of gastrointestinal damage and inflammatory cytokines Blood 1997 90: 3204–3213
Slattery JT, Clift RA, Buckner CD et al. Marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia: the influence of plasma busulfan levels on the outcome of transplantation Blood 1997 89: 3055–3060
Clift RA, Buckner CD, Appelbaum FR et al. Long-term follow-up of a randomized trial of two irradiation regimens for patients receiving allogeneic marrow transplants during first remission of acute myeloid leukemia Blood 1998 92: 1455–1456
Goldman JM, Gale RP, Bortin MM et al. Bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase: increased risk of relapse associated with T-cell depletion Ann Intern Med 1988 108: 806–814
Mackinnon S, Barnett L, Heller G, O'Reilly RJ . Minimal residual disease is more common in patients who have mixed T-cell chimerism after bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia Blood 1994 83: 3409–3416
Radich JP, Gehly G, Gooley T et al. Polymerase chain reaction detection of the BCR-ABL fusion transcript after allogeneic marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukemia: results and implications in 346 patients Blood 1995 85: 2632–2638
Hughes TP, Morgan GJ, Martiat P, Goldman JM . Detection of residual leukemia after bone marrow transplant for chronic myeloid leukemia: role of polymerase chain reaction in predicting relapse Blood 1991 77: 874–878
Pichert G, Alyea EP, Soiffer RJ et al. Persistence of myeloid progenitor cells expressing BCR-ABL mRNA after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic myelogenous leukemia Blood 1994 84: 2109–2114
DeLage R, Soiffer RJ, Dear K, Ritz J . Clinical significance of bcr-abl gene rearrangement detected by polymerase chain reaction after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in chronic myelogenous leukemia Blood 1991 78: 2759–2767
Rapanotti MC, Arcese W, Buffolino S et al. Sequential molecular monitoring of chimerism in chronic myeloid leukemia patients receiving donor lymphocyte transfusion for relapse after bone marrow transplantation Bone Marrow Transplant 1997 19: 703–707
Raanani P, Dazzi F, Sohal J et al. The rate and kinetics of molecular response to donor leucocyte transfusions in chronic myeloid leukaemia patients treated for relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Br J Haematol 1997 99: 945–950
Bacigalupo A, Soracco M, Vassallo F et al. Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Bone Marrow Transplant 1997 19: 927–932
Khouri IF, Keating MJ, Vriesendorp HM et al. Autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: preliminary results J Clin Oncol 1994 12: 748–758
Verdonck LF, Dekker AW, Lokhorst HM et al. Allogeneic versus autologous bone marrow transplantation for refractory and recurrent low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Blood 1997 90: 4201–4205
Peniket AJ, Ruiz de Elvira MC, Taghipour G et al. Allogeneic transplantation for lymphoma produces a lower relapse rate than autologous transplantation but survival has not risen because of higher treatment-related mortality – a report of 764 cases from the EBMT lymphoma registry Blood 1997 90: 255a (Abstr. 1121)
Rondón G, Giralt S, Huh Y et al. Graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia Bone Marrow Transplant 1996 18: 669–672
Van Besien KW, De Lima M, Giralt SA et al. Management of lymphoma recurrence after allogeneic transplantation: the relevance of graft-versus-lymphoma effect Bone Marrow Transplant 1997 19: 977–982
Khouri I, Keating MJ, Przepiorka D et al. Engraftment and induction of GVL with fludarabine-based non-ablative preparative regimen in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia Blood 1996 88 (Suppl. 1): 301a
Van Besien K, Sobocinski K, Rowlings PA et al. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for low-grade lymphoma Blood 1998 92: 1832–1836
Khouri IF, Przepiorka D, Van Besien K et al. Allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: timing of transplantation and potential effect of fludarabine on acute graft-versus-host disease Br J Haematol 1997 97: 466–473
Michallet M, Archimbaud E, Bandini G et al. HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation in younger patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia Ann Intern Med 1996 124: 311–315
Khouri I, Lee M-S, Palmer L et al. Transplant-lite using fludarabine-cyclophosphamide and allogeneic stem cell transplant for low grade lymphoma Blood 1999 94 (Suppl. 1): 1553a
Khouri I, Lee M-S, Romaguera J et al. Allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation for mantle-cell lymphoma: molecular remissions and evidence of graft-versus-malignancy Ann Oncol 1999 10: 1293–1299
Choudhury A, Gajewski J, Liang JC et al. Use of leukemic dendritic cells for the generation of anti-leukemic cellular cytotoxicity against Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myelogenous leukemia Blood 1997 89: 1133–1142
Papadopoulos EB, Carabasi MH, Castro-Malaspina H et al. T-cell-depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as postremission therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia: freedom from relapse in the absence of graft-versus-host disease Blood 1998 91: 1083–1090
Porter DL, Roth MS, Lee SJ et al. Adoptive immunotherapy with donor mononuclear cell infusions to treat relapse of acute leukemia or myelodysplasia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Bone Marrow Transplant 1996 18: 975–980
Okumura H, Takamatsu H, Yoshida T . Donor leucocyte transfusions for relapse in myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Br J Haematol 1996 93: 386–388
Lokhorst HM, Schattenberg A, Cornelissen JJ et al. Donor leukocyte infusions are effective in relapsed multiple myeloma after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Blood 1997 90: 4206–4211
Tricot G, Vesole DH, Jagannath S et al. Graft-versus-myeloma effect: proof of principle Blood 1996 87: 1196–1198
Gajewski JL, Phillips GL, Sobocinski KA et al. Bone marrow transplants from HLA-identical siblings in advanced Hodgkin's disease J Clin Oncol 1996 14: 572–578
Carella AM, Champlin R, Slavin S et al. Mini-allografts: ongoing trials in humans Bone Marrow Transplant 2000 25: 345–350
Anderlini P, Giralt S, Ueno N et al. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation with fludarabine based less intensive conditioning as adoptive immunotherapy in advanced Hodgkin's disease Proc Am Assoc Clin Oncol 2000 19: 62a
Cardoso AA, Seamon MJ, Afonso HM et al. Ex vivo generation of human anti-pre-B leukemia-specific autologous cytolytic T cells Blood 1997 90: 549–561
Brenner M, Porcelli S . Antigen presentation: a balanced diet Science 1997 277: 332
Ueno NT, Rondón G, Mirza NQ et al. Allogeneic peripheral-blood progenitor-cell transplantation for poor-risk patients with metastatic breast cancer J Clin Oncol 1998 16: 986–993
Eibl B, Schwaighofer H, Nachbaur D et al. Evidence for a graft-versus-tumor effect in a patient treated with marrow ablative chemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for breast cancer Blood 1996 88: 1501–1508
Childs RW, Clave E, Tisdale J et al. Successful treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with a nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral-blood progenitor-cell transplant: evidence for a graft-versus-tumor effect J Clin Oncol 1999 17: 2044–2049
Giralt S, Estey E, Albitar M et al. Engraftment of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cells with purine analog-containing chemotherapy: harnessing graft-versus-leukemia without myeloablative therapy Blood 1997 89: 4531–4536
Carella AM, Lerma E, Dejana A et al. Engraftment of HLA-matched sibling hematopoietic stem cells after immunosuppressive conditioning regimen in patients with hematologic neoplasias Haematologica 1998 83: 904–909
Storb R, Yu C, Sandmaier B et al. Mixed hematopoietic chimerism after hematopoietic stem cell allografts Transplant Proc 1999 31: 677–678
Storb R, Yu C, Sandmaier BM et al. Mixed hematopoietic chimerism after marrow allografts – transplantation in the ambulatory care setting Ann NY Acad Sci 1999 872: 372–376
McSweeney P, Niederwieser D, Shizuru J et al. Outpatient allografting with minimally myeosuppressive immunosuppressive conditioning of low-dose TBI and postgrafting cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil Blood 1999 94 (Suppl. 1): 393a
Kelemen E, Masszi T, Reményi P et al. Reduction in the frequency of transplant-related complications in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia undergoing BMT preconditioned with a new, nonmyeloablative drug combination Bone Marrow Transplant 1998 21: 747–749
Sykes M, Preffer F, McAfee S et al. Mixed lymphohaemopoietic chimerism and graft-versus-lymphoma effects after nonmyeloablative therapy and HLA-mismatched bone-marrow transplantation Lancet 1999 353: 1755–1759
Khoury H, Adkins D, Pence H et al. Low transplant related acute complications in patients with CML undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation with a low dose (550 cGy) total body irradiation conditioning regimen Blood 1999 94 (Suppl. 1): 711a
Shimoni A, Anderlini P, Andersson B et al. CD8-deplete donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for the treatment of CML relapse after allogeneic transplant: long-term follow-up and factors predicting outcome Blood 1999 94: 700a
Giralt S, Cohen A, Mehra R et al. Preliminary results of fludarabine/melphalan or 2CDA/melphalan as preparative regimens for allogeneic progenitor cell transplantation in poor candidates for conventional myeloablative conditioning Blood 1997 90: 1853a
Khouri I, Lee M-S, Palmer L et al. Transplant-lite using fludarabine-cyclophosphamide and allogeneic stem cell transplantation for low grade lymphoma Blood 1999 94: 1553a
Bensinger WI, Buckner CD, Anasetti C et al. Allogeneic marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma: an analysis of risk factors on outcome Blood 1996 88: 2787–2793
Gahrton G, Tura S, Ljungman P et al. Prognostic factors in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma J Clin Oncol 1995 13: 1312–1322
Bertucci F, Viens P, Gravis G et al. High-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell support in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: analysis of 67 patients treated in a single institution Anticancer Res 1999 19: 1455–1461
Bacigalupo A, Vitale V, Corvò R et al. The combined effect of total body irradiation (TBI) and cyclosporin A (CyA) on the risk of relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation Br J Haematol 2000 108: 99–104
Locatelli F, Zecca M, Rondelli R et al. Graft versus host disease prophylaxis with low-dose cyclosporine-A reduces the risk of relapse in children with acute leukemia given HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation: results of a randomized trial Blood 2000 95: 1572–1579
Mackinnon S, Papadopoulos EB, Carabasi MH et al. Adoptive immunotherapy evaluating escalating doses of donor leukocytes for relapse of chronic myeloid leukemia after bone marrow transplantation: separation of graft-versus-leukemia responses from graft-versus-host disease Blood 1995 86: 1261–1268
Rahman SL, Mahendra P, Nacheva E et al. Achievement of complete cytogenetic remission after two very low-dose donor leucocyte infusions in a patient with extensive cGVHD relapsing in accelerated phase post allogeneic BMT for CML Bone Marrow Transplant 1998 21: 955–956
Dazzi F, Szydlo RM, Craddock C et al. Comparison ofsingle-dose and escalating-dose regimens of donor lymphocyte infusion for relapse after allografting for chronic myeloid leukemia Blood 2000 95: 67–71
Nimer SD, Giorgi J, Gajewski JL et al. Selective depletion of CD8+ cells for prevention of graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation: a randomized controlled trial Transplantation 1994 57: 82–87
Giralt S, Hester J, Huh Y et al. CD8+ depleted donor lymphocyte infusion as treatment for relapsed chronic myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: graft-vs-leukemia without graft-vs-host disease Blood 1995 86: 4337–4343
Guinan EC, Boussiotis VA, Neuberg D et al. Transplantation of anergic histoincompatible bone marrow allografts New Engl J Med 1999 340: 1704–1714
Bonini C, Ferrari G, Verzeletti S et al. HSV-TK gene transfer into donor lymphocytes for control of allogeneic graft-versus-leukemia Science 1997 276: 1719–1724
Munshi NC, Govindarajan R, Drake R et al. Thymidine kinase (TK) gene-transduced human lymphocytes can be highly purified, remain fully functional, and are killed efficiently with ganciclovir Blood 1997 89: 1334–1340
Tiberghien P, Reynolds CW, Keller J et al. Ganciclovir treatment of herpes simplex thymidine kinase-transduced primary T lymphocytes: an approach for specific in vivo donor T-cell depletion after bone marrow transplantation Blood 1994 84: 1333–1341
Champlin R, Henslee-Downey J, Bensinger W et al. Phase I/II study of thymidine kinase (tk)-transduced donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) in patients with hematologic malignancies Blood 1999 94 (Suppl. 1): 324a
Cavazzana-Calvo M, Stephan JL, Sarnacki S et al. Attenuation of graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection by ex vivo immunotoxin elimination of alloreactive T cells in an H-2 haplotype disparate mouse combination Blood 1994 83: 288–298
Mavroudis DA, Dermime S, Molldrem J et al. Specific depletion of alloreactive T cells in HLA-identical siblings: a method for separating graft-versus-host and graft-versus-leukaemia reactions Br J Haematol 1998 101: 565–570
Garderet L, Snell V, Przepiorka D et al. Effective depletion of alloreactive lymphocytes from peripheral blood mononuclear cell preparations Transplantation 1999 67: 124–130
Rooney CM, Smith CA, Ng CYC et al. Use of gene-modified virus-specific T lymphocytes to control Epstein–Barr virus-related lymphoproliferation Lancet 1995 345: 9–13
Walter EA, Greenberg PD, Gilbert MJ et al. Reconstitution of cellular immunity against cytomegalovirus in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow by transfer of T-cell clones from the donor New Engl J Med 1995 333: 1038–1044
Smit WM, Rijnbeek M, Van Bergen CAM et al. Generation of leukemia-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes from HLA-identical donors of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia using modifications of a limiting dilution assay Bone Marrow Transplant 1998 21: 553–560
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Champlin, R., Khouri, I., Anderlini, P. et al. Nonmyeloablative preparative regimens for allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 27 (Suppl 2), S13–S22 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1702864
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1702864
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
A myeloablative allograft after rejection of two consecutive nonmyeloablative transplants from two different HLA identical siblings
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2004)
-
Radiation-free regimens result in similar outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation in patients aged ≥50 years compared to younger adults with low-risk disease
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2003)
-
Cytoreduction with iodine-131-anti-CD33 antibodies before bone marrow transplantation for advanced myeloid leukemias
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2003)
-
Nonablative hematopoietic cell transplantation for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2002)
-
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in patients with follicular lymphoma: a single center study
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2002)