Abstract
NORMAL ionospheric sounding technique can provide information on only the lower portion of the F-region, since waves capable of reaching beyond the level of maximum ionization are not returned to earth by any processes occurring within the ionosphere itself.
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References
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KERR, F., SHAIN, C. & HIGGINS, C. Moon Echoes and Penetration of The Ionosphere. Nature 163, 310–313 (1949). https://doi.org/10.1038/163310a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/163310a0
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