Velocity of Sound in Tubes: Ultra-Sonic Method

Abstract

THERE are points still uncertain concerning the velocity of sound in fluids contained in tubes. Relatively little experimental work has been carried out in liquids as the contained fluid, but outstanding is the research of Dorsing (Ann. der Physik, 25, pp. 227–251; 1908), who reported certain cases of increase of the velocity as compared with the velocity in the same liquid when unconfined. Generally there is expected a decrease in velocity depending on the diameter of the tube. Unlike most experimenters, Dorsing employed a relatively high frequency in his experiments, about 4000 vibrations per second; so also did Busse (Ann. der Physik (4), 75, pp. 657–664; 1924), who adopted Dorsing's method to determine some useful thermodynamical constants.