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Comparative biology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2

Oncogene volume 24, pages 5996–6004 (2005)Cite this article

Abstract

HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 are highly related complex retroviruses that have been studied intensely for nearly three decades because of their association with neoplasia, neuropathology, and/or their capacity to transform primary human T lymphocytes. The study of HTLV also represents an attractive model that has allowed investigators to dissect the mechanism of various cellular processes, several of which may be critical steps in HTLV-mediated pathogenesis. Both HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 can efficiently immortalize and transform T lymphocytes in cell culture and persist in infected individuals or experimental animals. However, the clinical manifestations of these two viruses differ significantly. HTLV-1 is associated with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and a variety of immune-mediated disorders including the chronic neurological disease termed HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In contrast, HTLV-2 is much less pathogenic with reports of only a few cases of variant hairy cell leukemia and neurological disease associated with infection. The limited number of individuals shown to harbor HTLV-2 in association with specific diseases has, to date, precluded convincing epidemiological demonstration of a definitive etiologic role of HTLV-2 in human disease. Therefore, it has become clear that comparative studies designed to elucidate the mechanisms by which HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 determine distinct outcomes are likely to provide fundamental insights into the initiation of multistep leukemogenesis.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Tim Vojt for preparation of the figures and Kate Hayes for editorial comments. This work is supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants CA100730 (PLG) and the Hendricks Foundation (GF).

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  1. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, 13210, New York, USA

    Gerold Feuer

  2. Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA

    Patrick L Green

  3. Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA

    Patrick L Green

  4. Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA

    Patrick L Green

  5. Comprehensive Cancer Center James Cancer Hospital and Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA

    Patrick L Green

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Feuer, G., Green, P. Comparative biology of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and HTLV-2. Oncogene 24, 5996–6004 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1208971

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