Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) induces scattering and morphogenesis of epithelial cells through the activation of the MET tyrosine kinase receptor. Although the activated MET receptor recruits a number of signaling proteins, little is known of the downstream signaling pathways activated by HGF/SF. In this study, we wished to examine the signaling pathway leading to activation of the ETS1 transcription factor. Using in vitro and in vivo kinase assays, we found that HGF/SF activates the ERK1 MAP kinase, leading to the phosphorylation of the threonine 38 residue of ETS1 within a putative MAP kinase phosphorylation site (PLLT38P). This threonine residue was neither phosphorylated by JNK1, nor by p38 MAP kinases and was required for the induction of transcriptional activity of ETS1 by HGF/SF. Using kinase and transcription assays, we further demonstrated that phosphorylation and activation of ETS1 occurs downstream of a RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway. The functional involvement of this pathway in HGF/SF action was demonstrated using U0126, a pharmacological inhibitor of MEK, which blocked phosphorylation and activation of ETS1, RAS-dependent transcriptional responses, cell scattering and morphogenesis. These data demonstrated that ETS1 is a downstream target of HGF/SF acting through a RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway and provides a signaling pathway leading to the regulation of gene expression by HGF/SF.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Stéphane Ansieau, Agnès Bègue, Benoit Dérijard, Sydonia Rayter, Philippe Lenorman, Philippe Chavrier and Michael Ostrowski for providing reagents used in these studies. This work was supported by the Institut Pasteur de Lille and the CNRS and by grants from the Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Ligue Régionale-Comité Nord contre le Cancer and the Association pour la recherche contre le Cancer.
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During the publication process of this manuscript, the role of the pointed domain of ETS1 as an ERK docking site has been elucidated (Seidel and Graves, 2002, Genes Dev., 16, 127–1327). These data complement our present demonstration that the threonine 38 residue of ETS1 is a phosphoacceptor site for ERK.
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Paumelle, R., Tulashe, D., Kherrouche, Z. et al. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor activates the ETS1 transcription factor by a RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway. Oncogene 21, 2309–2319 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1205297
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1205297
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