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The Mad1 transcription factor is a novel target of activin and TGF-β action in keratinocytes: possible role of Mad1 in wound repair and psoriasis

Oncogene volume 20, pages 7494–7504 (2001)Cite this article

Abstract

Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, affects keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. However, little is known about the mechanisms of activin action in keratinocytes, and its target genes have not been identified. In this study, we demonstrate that activin A and TGF-β1 directly induce the expression and activity of Mad1, an antagonist of the c-Myc transcription factor, in the human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line. Expression and activity of Mad1 was strongly induced by both factors in keratinocytes, although the intensity of induction was different for activin A and TGF-β1. To determine a possible role of activin and TGF-β in the regulation of mad1 expression in vivo, we analysed its expression during cutaneous wound repair when high levels of these factors are present. Expression of mad1 mRNA and protein, but not of other mad genes, increased significantly after skin injury, particularly in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and in suprabasal keratinocytes of the hyperproliferative epithelium. Elevated levels of mad1 mRNA were also detected in the hyperthickened epidermis of psoriatic patients. Since Mad1 regulates proliferation and/or differentiation of various cell types, our results suggest that this transcription factor mediates at least in the part the anti-mitotic and/or differentiation-inducing activities of TGF-β and activin in keratinocytes.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr Denis Gospodarowicz, Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, for kindly providing recombinant activin A, and Christiane Born-Berclaz and Silke Durka for excellent technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant No. 31-61358.00 to S Werner) and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (to S Werner and B Lüscher).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cell Biology, ETH Zürich Hönggerberg, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland

    Silke Werner, Hans-Dietmar Beer & Sabine Werner

  2. Department of Dermatology and Venerology, University of Cologne, J.-Stelzmann-Str. 9, Köln, 50924, Germany

    Cornelia Mauch

  3. Institute of Molecular Biology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30623, Germany

    Bernhard Lüscher

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  1. Silke Werner
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Correspondence to Sabine Werner.

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Werner, S., Beer, HD., Mauch, C. et al. The Mad1 transcription factor is a novel target of activin and TGF-β action in keratinocytes: possible role of Mad1 in wound repair and psoriasis. Oncogene 20, 7494–7504 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1204937

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