Article
American Journal of Hypertension 2009; 22, 8, 867–870. doi:10.1038/ajh.2009.88
Association of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D With Blood Pressure in Predominantly 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficient Hispanic and African Americans
Kimberly J. Schmitz1, Halcyon G. Skinner1, Leonelo E. Bautista1, Tasha E. Fingerlin2, Carl D. Langefeld3, Pamela J. Hicks4, Steven M. Haffner5, Michael Bryer-Ash6, Lynne E. Wagenknecht3, Donald W. Bowden4, Jill M. Norris2 and Corinne D. Engelman1
- 1Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- 2Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA
- 3Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- 4Department of Biochemistry and Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- 5Division of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- 6Division of Endocrinology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
Correspondence: Corinne D. Engelman, (cengelman@wisc.edu)
Received 18 December 2008; First Decision 21 January 2009; Accepted 15 April 2009; Published online 14 May 2009.
Abstract
Background
Several observational studies have recently suggested an inverse association of circulating levels of vitamin D with blood pressure. These findings have been based mainly on Caucasian populations; whether this association also exists among Hispanic and African Americans has yet to be definitively determined. This study investigates the association of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) with blood pressure in Hispanic and African Americans.
Methods
The data source for this study is the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRASFS), which consists of Hispanic- and African-American families from three US recruitment centers (n =1,334). A variance components model was used to analyze the association of plasma 25[OH]D levels with blood pressure.
Results
An inverse association was found between 25[OH]D and both systolic (
for 10 ng/ml difference = -2.05; P < 0.01) and diastolic ( for 10 ng/ml difference = -1.35; P < 0.001) blood pressure in all populations combined, after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and season of blood draw. Further adjustment for body mass index (BMI) weakened this association ( for 10 ng/ml difference = -0.94; P = 0.14 and for 10 ng/ml difference = -0.64; P = 0.09, respectively).
Conclusions
25[OH]D levels are significantly inversely associated with blood pressure in Hispanic and African Americans from the IRASFS. However, this association was not significant after adjustment for BMI. Further research is needed to determine the role of BMI in this association. Large, well-designed prospective studies of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure may be warranted.
American Journal of Hypertension 2009; doi:10.1038/ajh.2009.88
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