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A vision chip with complementary pathways for open-world sensing
Inspired by the human visual system, a vision chip with primitive-based complementary pathways is developed to overcome the power and bandwidth wall of vision systems, achieving fast, precise, robust and high-dynamic-range sensing efficiently in the open world.
- Zheyu Yang
- , Taoyi Wang
- & Luping Shi
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Label-free detection and profiling of individual solution-phase molecules
Enhanced light–molecule interactions in high-finesse fibre-based Fabry–Pérot microcavities are used to detect and profile individual unlabelled solution-phase biomolecules, leading to potential applications in the life and chemical sciences.
- Lisa-Maria Needham
- , Carlos Saavedra
- & Randall H. Goldsmith
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Digital colloid-enhanced Raman spectroscopy by single-molecule counting
Research published in Nature shows that surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy carried out with colloids can quantify a range of molecules down to concentrations at the femtomolar level.
- Xinyuan Bi
- , Daniel M. Czajkowsky
- & Jian Ye
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| Open AccessRoll-to-roll, high-resolution 3D printing of shape-specific particles
We introduce a scalable, high-resolution, 3D printing technique for the fabrication of shape-specific particles based on roll-to-roll continuous liquid interface production, enabling direct integration within biomedical, analytical and advanced materials applications.
- Jason M. Kronenfeld
- , Lukas Rother
- & Joseph M. DeSimone
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Ultra-compact quasi-true time delay for boosting wireless channel capacity
A quasi-true time delay is demonstrated for a microwave device implemented in a CMOS technology to miniaturize true-time-delay components of beam-steering systems, addressing the fundamental channel-capacity limitations and increasing data transmission in wireless communications.
- Bala Govind
- , Thomas Tapen
- & Alyssa Apsel
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| Open AccessNear-ultraviolet photon-counting dual-comb spectroscopy
We demonstrate a photon-counting approach that extends the unique advantages of spectroscopy with interfering frequency combs into regions where nonlinear frequency conversion tends to be very inefficient, providing a step towards precision broadband spectroscopy at short wavelengths and extreme-ultraviolet dual-comb spectroscopy.
- Bingxin Xu
- , Zaijun Chen
- & Nathalie Picqué
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Imaging the Meissner effect in hydride superconductors using quantum sensors
In order to explore superconductivity in hydride materials, local magnetometry inside a diamond anvil cell is performed with sub-micron spatial resolution at megabar pressures using nitrogen-vacancy colour centres.
- P. Bhattacharyya
- , W. Chen
- & N. Y. Yao
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Three-dimensional atomic structure and local chemical order of medium- and high-entropy nanoalloys
Atomic electron tomography is used to determine the 3D atomic positions and chemical species of medium- and high-entropy alloy nanoparticles and quantitatively characterize the local lattice distortion, strain tensor, twin boundaries, dislocation cores and chemical short-range order.
- Saman Moniri
- , Yao Yang
- & Jianwei Miao
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A stable atmospheric-pressure plasma for extreme-temperature synthesis
A plasma set-up consisting of a pair of carbon-fibre-tip-enhanced electrodes enables the generation of a uniform, ultra-high temperature and stable plasma (up to 8,000 K) at atmospheric pressure using a combination of vertically oriented long and short carbon fibres.
- Hua Xie
- , Ning Liu
- & Liangbing Hu
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| Open AccessAn autonomous laboratory for the accelerated synthesis of novel materials
An autonomous laboratory, the A-Lab, is presented that combines computations, literature data, machine learning and active learning, which discovered and synthesized 41 novel compounds from a set of 58 targets after 17 days of operation.
- Nathan J. Szymanski
- , Bernardus Rendy
- & Gerbrand Ceder
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Dynamic diagnosis of metamaterials through laser-induced vibrational signatures
A high-throughput, non-contact framework is described that uses the laser-induced vibrational signatures of metamaterials to non-destructively quantify their omnidirectional elastic information, dynamic linear properties, damping properties and defects.
- Yun Kai
- , Somayajulu Dhulipala
- & Carlos M. Portela
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On the origin of diffuse intensities in fcc electron diffraction patterns
Some of the diffuse intensities observed in electron diffraction patterns of face-centred cubic multi-principal element alloys are due to reflections from higher-order Laue zones.
- Francisco Gil Coury
- , Cody Miller
- & Michael Kaufman
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Visualizing interfacial collective reaction behaviour of Li–S batteries
In situ liquid-cell electrochemical transmission electron microscopy allows the direct visualization of the transformation of lithium polysulfides over electrode surfaces at the atomic scale, leading to a new energy-storage mechanism in lithium–sulfur batteries.
- Shiyuan Zhou
- , Jie Shi
- & Hong-Gang Liao
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Microstructure and crystal order during freezing of supercooled water drops
Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction are used to study the freezing of water droplets in vacuum, leading to the development of a seven-stage model of freezing and the mapping of ice structures and crystal order.
- Armin Kalita
- , Maximillian Mrozek-McCourt
- & Claudiu A. Stan
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Ultrafast deposition of faceted lithium polyhedra by outpacing SEI formation
We report the discovery of lithium metal’s intrinsic growth morphology, a rhombic dodecahedron, and leverage these rhombic dodecahedra as nucleation seeds for improved battery performance.
- Xintong Yuan
- , Bo Liu
- & Yuzhang Li
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Single-electron spin resonance detection by microwave photon counting
Spectroscopic measurements of individual rare-earth ion electron spins are performed by detecting their microwave fluorescence, with the method coming close to practical single-electron spin resonance at millikelvin temperatures.
- Z. Wang
- , L. Balembois
- & E. Flurin
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Characterization of just one atom using synchrotron X-rays
Using a specialized tip as a detector, the fingerprints of a single atom of iron and terbium are observed in synchrotron X-ray absorption spectra, allowing elemental and chemical characterization one atom at a time.
- Tolulope M. Ajayi
- , Nozomi Shirato
- & Saw-Wai Hla
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| Open AccessÅngström-resolution fluorescence microscopy
The authors introduce a single-molecule DNA-barcoding method, resolution enhancement by sequential imaging, that improves the resolution of fluorescence microscopy down to the Ångström scale using off-the-shelf fluorescence microscopy hardware and reagents.
- Susanne C. M. Reinhardt
- , Luciano A. Masullo
- & Ralf Jungmann
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Observation of the radiative decay of the 229Th nuclear clock isomer
The authors report on the radiative decay of a low-energy isomer in thorium-229 (229mTh), which has consequences for the design of a future nuclear clock and eases the search for direct laser excitation of the atomic nucleus.
- Sandro Kraemer
- , Janni Moens
- & Ulrich Wahl
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| Open AccessA 3D printable alloy designed for extreme environments
The authors develop a new oxide-dispersion-strengthened NiCoCr-based alloy using a model-driven alloy design approach and laser-based additive manufacturing, showing how such designs can provide superior compositions using far fewer resources than previous methods.
- Timothy M. Smith
- , Christopher A. Kantzos
- & John W. Lawson
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| Open AccessTwo-dimensional ferroelectricity in a single-element bismuth monolayer
A single-element ferroelectric state is observed in a black phosphorus-like bismuth layer, in which the ordered charge transfer and the regular atom distortion between sublattices happen simultaneously and ferroelectric switching is further visualized experimentally.
- Jian Gou
- , Hua Bai
- & Andrew Thye Shen Wee
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Tracking cubic ice at molecular resolution
Tracking the formation of cubic ice (ice Ic) using transmission electron microscopy and low-dose imaging shows preferential nucleation of ice Ic at low-temperature interfaces and two types of stacking disorder.
- Xudan Huang
- , Lifen Wang
- & Xuedong Bai
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Photonically active bowtie nanoassemblies with chirality continuum
Self-limited assembly of 'imperfect' chiral nanoparticles enables formation of bowtie-shaped microparticles with size monodispersity and continuously variable chirality to be used for printing photonically active metasurfaces.
- Prashant Kumar
- , Thi Vo
- & Nicholas A. Kotov
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The quantum twisting microscope
A quantum twisting microscope based on a unique van der Waals tip and capable of performing local interference experiments opens the way for new classes of experiments on quantum materials.
- A. Inbar
- , J. Birkbeck
- & S. Ilani
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| Open AccessCoherent correlation imaging for resolving fluctuating states of matter
Nanoscale magnetic fluctuations are spatiotemporally resolved beyond conventional resolution limits using coherent correlation imaging, in which frames in Fourier space are recorded and analysed using an iterative hierarchical clustering algorithm.
- Christopher Klose
- , Felix Büttner
- & Bastian Pfau
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Additive manufacturing of micro-architected metals via hydrogel infusion
An additive manufacturing technique that infuses 3D printed hydrogels with metallic precursors leads to metallic micromaterials, providing new opportunities for the fabrication of energy materials, micro-electromechanical systems and biomedical devices.
- Max A. Saccone
- , Rebecca A. Gallivan
- & Julia R. Greer
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| Open AccessAn integrated imaging sensor for aberration-corrected 3D photography
A meta-imaging sensor detects an extra-fine 4D light field distribution using a vibrating microlens array, enabling high-resolution 3D photography up to a gigapixel with fast aberration correction, demonstrated on a telescope aimed at the Moon.
- Jiamin Wu
- , Yuduo Guo
- & Qionghai Dai
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Spatiotemporal imaging of charge transfer in photocatalyst particles
Photovoltage measurements on cuprous oxide photocatalyst particles are used to spatiotemporally track the charge transfer processes on the femtosecond to second timescale at the single-particle level.
- Ruotian Chen
- , Zefeng Ren
- & Can Li
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| Open AccessExperimental demonstration of optical stochastic cooling
Stochastic cooling at optical frequencies is demonstrated in an experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory’s Integrable Optics Test Accelerator, substantially increasing the bandwidth of stochastic cooling compared with conventional systems.
- J. Jarvis
- , V. Lebedev
- & A. Valishev
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Strong yet ductile nanolamellar high-entropy alloys by additive manufacturing
An additive manufacturing strategy is used to produce dual-phase nanolamellar high-entropy alloys that show a combination of enhanced high yield strength and high tensile ductility.
- Jie Ren
- , Yin Zhang
- & Wen Chen
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Tracking single adatoms in liquid in a transmission electron microscope
The ability to resolve single atoms in a liquid environment is demonstrated by combining a transmission electron microscope and a robust double graphene liquid cell, enabling studies of adatom motion at solid–liquid interfaces.
- Nick Clark
- , Daniel J. Kelly
- & Sarah J. Haigh
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Dislocation-induced stop-and-go kinetics of interfacial transformations
Environmental transmission electron microscopy is used to reveal that mismatch dislocations modulate the interfacial transformation of copper oxide to copper metal in an intermittent manner.
- Xianhu Sun
- , Dongxiang Wu
- & Guangwen Zhou
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Atomic imaging of zeolite-confined single molecules by electron microscopy
Using integrated differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy, the atomic imaging of single pyridine and thiophene molecules identifies host–guest interactions in zeolite ZSM-5 and their adsorption and desorption behaviours can be studied.
- Boyuan Shen
- , Huiqiu Wang
- & Fei Wei
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| Open AccessNanoscale imaging of phonon dynamics by electron microscopy
A method for mapping phonon momenta reveals non-equilibrium phonon dynamics at nanoscale interfaces enabling study of actual nanodevices and aiding understanding of heat dissipation near nanoscale hotspots.
- Chaitanya A. Gadre
- , Xingxu Yan
- & Xiaoqing Pan
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Local nanoscale phase impurities are degradation sites in halide perovskites
A multimodal microscopy toolkit reveals nanoscale defect clusters in halide perovskite films and that these clusters are sites at which photochemical degradation seeds.
- Stuart Macpherson
- , Tiarnan A. S. Doherty
- & Samuel D. Stranks
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Observation of a molecular bond between ions and Rydberg atoms
A study reports on the observation of a new type of molecular bond between an ion and a Rydberg atom and characterizes the resulting molecule using an ion microscope study.
- Nicolas Zuber
- , Viraatt S. V. Anasuri
- & Tilman Pfau
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Imaging tunable quantum Hall broken-symmetry orders in graphene
Three tunable quantum Hall broken-symmetry states in charge-neutral graphene are identified by visualizing their lattice-scale order with scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy.
- Alexis Coissard
- , David Wander
- & Benjamin Sacépé
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| Open AccessIn situ recording of Mars soundscape
Using data gathered from the microphones of the Perseverance rover, the first characterization of the acoustic environment on Mars is presented, showing two distinct values for the speed of sound in CO2-dominated atmosphere.
- S. Maurice
- , B. Chide
- & P. Willis
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Observing polymerization in 2D dynamic covalent polymers
In situ scanning tunnelling microscopy reveals the dynamic nature of the early stages of two-dimensional (2D) polymer formation and crystallization at the solid–liquid interface.
- Gaolei Zhan
- , Zhen-Feng Cai
- & Steven De Feyter
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Metastable hexagonal close-packed palladium hydride in liquid cell TEM
A metastable palladium hydride is synthesized where the unique environment in the liquid cell, namely the limited quantity of Pd precursors and the continuous supply of H, resulted in the formation of the hcp phase.
- Jaeyoung Hong
- , Jee-Hwan Bae
- & Dong Won Chun
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Imaging of isotope diffusion using atomic-scale vibrational spectroscopy
Vibrational electron energy-loss spectroscopy is used to distinguish two stable isotopes of carbon and to monitor their diffusion with subnanometre spatial resolution.
- Ryosuke Senga
- , Yung-Chang Lin
- & Kazu Suenaga
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Differential clock comparisons with a multiplexed optical lattice clock
Multiple ultracold ensembles of strontium atoms are trapped in the same optical lattice, realizing a multiplexed optical clock where precision measurements can benefit from having all atoms share the same trapping light and clock laser.
- Xin Zheng
- , Jonathan Dolde
- & Shimon Kolkowitz
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Resolving the gravitational redshift across a millimetre-scale atomic sample
Reducing the fractional uncertainty over the measurement of the frequency of an ensemble of trapped strontium atoms enables observation of the gravitational redshift at the submillimetre scale.
- Tobias Bothwell
- , Colin J. Kennedy
- & Jun Ye
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Real-space visualization of intrinsic magnetic fields of an antiferromagnet
Real-space visualization of the magnetic fields in antiferromagnetic haematite is achieved using atomic-resolution differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy in a magnetic-field-free environment.
- Yuji Kohno
- , Takehito Seki
- & Naoya Shibata
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| Open AccessEmergent interface vibrational structure of oxide superlattices
The vibrational states emerging at the interface in oxide superlattices are characterized theoretically and at atomic resolution, showing the impact of material length scales on structure and vibrational response.
- Eric R. Hoglund
- , De-Liang Bao
- & James M. Howe
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| Open AccessChemical crystallography by serial femtosecond X-ray diffraction
Small-molecule serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (smSFX) characterizes microcrystals by indexing sparse serial XFEL diffraction frames, with little sample preparation, without beam damage, and at room temperature and pressure.
- Elyse A. Schriber
- , Daniel W. Paley
- & J. Nathan Hohman
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Measuring phonon dispersion at an interface
Four-dimensional electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements of the vibrational spectra and the phonon dispersion at a heterointerface show localized modes that are predicted to affect the thermal conductance and electron mobility.
- Ruishi Qi
- , Ruochen Shi
- & Peng Gao
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| Open AccessEvidence for European presence in the Americas in ad 1021
Precise dating of wooden artefacts at a Norse settlement in Newfoundland establishes that the Norse were in the Americas in ad 1021.
- Margot Kuitems
- , Birgitta L. Wallace
- & Michael W. Dee
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Dexterous magnetic manipulation of conductive non-magnetic objects
Time-varying magnetic fields can be used to manipulate the position and orientation of conductive non-magnetic objects.
- Lan N. Pham
- , Griffin F. Tabor
- & Jake J. Abbott