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| Open AccessA figure of merit for efficiency roll-off in TADF-based organic LEDs
Efficiency roll-off in a wide range of TADF OLEDs is analysed and a figure of merit proposed for materials design to improve efficiency at high brightness, potentially expanding the range of applications of TADF materials.
- S. Diesing
- , L. Zhang
- & I. D. W. Samuel
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Article |
Controlling the helicity of light by electrical magnetization switching
The helicity of light from a light-emitting diode can be electrically controlled by spin–orbit torque effects, enabling a seamless integration of magnetization dynamics with photonics.
- Pambiang Abel Dainone
- , Nicholas Figueiredo Prestes
- & Yuan Lu
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Article |
Nozaki–Bekki solitons in semiconductor lasers
Free-running stable optical dissipative solitons, called Nozaki–Bekki solitons, are created in a ring semiconductor laser; their spontaneous formation with tuning of laser bias eliminates the need for an external optical pump.
- Nikola Opačak
- , Dmitry Kazakov
- & Benedikt Schwarz
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Article |
Stable blue phosphorescent organic LEDs that use polariton-enhanced Purcell effects
Polariton-enhanced Purcell effects can be used to reduce the triplet density in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes, thereby extending their operational lifetimes by decreasing the annihilation of high-energy, long-lived blue triplets.
- Haonan Zhao
- , Claire E. Arneson
- & Stephen R. Forrest
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Article
| Open AccessElectrically driven organic laser using integrated OLED pumping
An electrically driven organic semiconductor laser is achieved by integrating a device structure that efficiently couples an organic light-emitting diode, with extremely high internal-light generation, with a polymer distributed feedback laser.
- Kou Yoshida
- , Junyi Gong
- & Ifor D. W. Samuel
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Article
| Open AccessResonant X-ray excitation of the nuclear clock isomer 45Sc
Resonant X-ray excitation of the 45Sc nuclear isomeric state was achieved by irradiation of a Sc-metal foil with 12.4-keV photon pulses from a state-of-the-art X-ray free-electron laser, allowing a high-precision determination of the transition energy.
- Yuri Shvyd’ko
- , Ralf Röhlsberger
- & Tomasz Kolodziej
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Article |
Microstructure and crystal order during freezing of supercooled water drops
Optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction are used to study the freezing of water droplets in vacuum, leading to the development of a seven-stage model of freezing and the mapping of ice structures and crystal order.
- Armin Kalita
- , Maximillian Mrozek-McCourt
- & Claudiu A. Stan
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Article |
Tautomeric mixture coordination enables efficient lead-free perovskite LEDs
Lead-free perovskite light-emitting diodes (LEDs) prepared using tautomeric mixture coordination provide improved ordering in the crystal structure, reduced recombination and enhanced exciton binding energy compared with lead-containing perovskite-based LEDs.
- Dongyuan Han
- , Jie Wang
- & Ning Wang
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Article
| Open Access3D integration enables ultralow-noise isolator-free lasers in silicon photonics
Three-dimensional integration of distributed-feedback lasers and ultralow-loss silicon nitride waveguides results in ultralow-noise lasers without the need for optical isolators.
- Chao Xiang
- , Warren Jin
- & John E. Bowers
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Article |
Fluidic self-assembly for MicroLED displays by controlled viscosity
A MicroLED lighting panel, assembled in 60 s by a surface-tension-driven fluidic self-assembly technique, gave a yield as high as 99.90% through the addition of a small amount of poloxamer to the assembly solution.
- Daewon Lee
- , Seongkyu Cho
- & Sunghoon Kwon
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Article
| Open AccessHigh-brightness scalable continuous-wave single-mode photonic-crystal laser
We developed large-scale photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with controlled Hermitian and non-Hermitian couplings inside the photonic crystal and a pre-installed spatial distribution of the lattice constant, which leads to the realization of a continuous-wave brightness of 1 GW cm−2 sr−1.
- Masahiro Yoshida
- , Shumpei Katsuno
- & Susumu Noda
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Article
| Open AccessElectrically driven amplified spontaneous emission from colloidal quantum dots
Colloidal quantum dot devices demonstrating electrically pumped amplified spontaneous emission are described, showing strong, broadband optical gain and bright edge emission, opening the path to solution-processable laser diodes.
- Namyoung Ahn
- , Clément Livache
- & Victor I. Klimov
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Article |
Concurrent self-assembly of RGB microLEDs for next-generation displays
A new transfer method for microLEDs fabrication based on fluidic self-assembly technology combining magnetic and dielectrophoresis forces is described, achieving a very high simultaneous RGB LED transfer yield and over large areas.
- Wonjae Chang
- , Jungsub Kim
- & Jeong Soo Lee
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Article |
Bright and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes in the near-infrared range
Perovskite LEDs with exceptional performance at high brightness are demonstrated achieving an operational half-lifetime of 32 hours, an important step towards commercialization opening up new opportunities beyond conventional LED technologies, such as perovskite electrically pumped lasers.
- Yuqi Sun
- , Lishuang Ge
- & Neil C. Greenham
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Article
| Open AccessUltrafast tunable lasers using lithium niobate integrated photonics
A frequency-tunable laser based on a hybrid silicon nitride and lithium niobate integrated photonic platform has a fast tuning rate and could be used for optical ranging applications.
- Viacheslav Snigirev
- , Annina Riedhauser
- & Tobias J. Kippenberg
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Vertical full-colour micro-LEDs via 2D materials-based layer transfer
We report full-colour, vertically stacked µLEDs that achieve exceptionally high array density (5,100 pixels per inch) and small size (4 µm) via a 2D material-based layer transfer technique, allowing the creation of full-colour µLED displays for augmented and virtual reality.
- Jiho Shin
- , Hyunseok Kim
- & Jeehwan Kim
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Article |
Synthesis-on-substrate of quantum dot solids
Ultrasmall monodisperse perovskite quantum dots are synthesized in situ on a substrate via ligand structure regulation, yielding the highest external quantum efficiency blue perovskite LEDs reported so far.
- Yuanzhi Jiang
- , Changjiu Sun
- & Mingjian Yuan
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Article |
Spin–orbit microlaser emitting in a four-dimensional Hilbert space
A fully integrated semiconductor microlaser that exploits spin–orbit coupling of light emits in a four-dimensional Hilbert space, with flexible control of up to six degrees of freedom.
- Zhifeng Zhang
- , Haoqi Zhao
- & Liang Feng
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Article |
Ultra-bright, efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes
The authors develop a method for the production of ultra-bright, efficient and stable perovskite light-emitting diodes, achieved with a simple in situ reaction process.
- Joo Sung Kim
- , Jung-Min Heo
- & Tae-Woo Lee
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Article
| Open AccessExtending the spectrum of fully integrated photonics to submicrometre wavelengths
Fully integrated photonics at submicrometre wavelengths is realized by a heterogeneous integration technology.
- Minh A. Tran
- , Chong Zhang
- & Tin Komljenovic
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Article
| Open AccessDelayed fluorescence from inverted singlet and triplet excited states
A fluorescent molecule is described that does not follow Hund’s rule and instead shows singlet and triplet excited states with inverted energy levels, leading to high-efficiency OLEDs with potential implications for optoelectronic devices.
- Naoya Aizawa
- , Yong-Jin Pu
- & Daigo Miyajima
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Article
| Open AccessObservation of Rabi dynamics with a short-wavelength free-electron laser
Rabi dynamics between the ground state and an excited state in helium atoms are generated using femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses from a seeded free-electron laser, which may allow ultrafast manipulation of coherent processes at short wavelengths.
- Saikat Nandi
- , Edvin Olofsson
- & Jan Marcus Dahlström
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Article |
Highly efficient blue InGaN nanoscale light-emitting diodes
Using a sol–gel passivation method, the fabrication of blue InGaN nanorod-LEDs with the highest external quantum efficiency value ever reported for LEDs in the nanoscale is demonstrated.
- Mihyang Sheen
- , Yunhyuk Ko
- & Changhee Lee
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Article |
Scalable single-mode surface-emitting laser via open-Dirac singularities
A photonic crystal cavity arranged in a hexagonal pattern shows unconventional losses that allow single-mode lasing operation to be maintained as the cavity is scaled up in size.
- Rushin Contractor
- , Wanwoo Noh
- & Boubacar Kanté
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Article |
Free-electron lasing with compact beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator
Using a compact, particle-beam-driven plasma-based accelerator to accelerate high-quality electron beams that are completely characterized in the six-dimensional phase space, free-electron lasing is observed with narrow-band amplified radiation in the infrared range.
- R. Pompili
- , D. Alesini
- & M. Ferrario
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Article |
High-brightness all-polymer stretchable LED with charge-trapping dilution
A material design strategy and fabrication process is described to produce all-polymer light-emitting diodes with high brightness, current efficiency and good mechanical stability, with applications in skin electronics and human–machine interfaces.
- Zhitao Zhang
- , Weichen Wang
- & Zhenan Bao
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Article |
Distribution control enables efficient reduced-dimensional perovskite LEDs
The efficiency and operating lifetimes of perovskite light-emitting diodes is improved by using a fluorinated triphenylphosphine oxide additive to control the cation diffusion during film deposition and passivate the surface.
- Dongxin Ma
- , Kebin Lin
- & Edward H. Sargent
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Article |
Free-electron lasing at 27 nanometres based on a laser wakefield accelerator
Lasing in the extreme-ultraviolet range is demonstrated using a laser wakefield accelerator, as a step towards compact X-ray free-electron lasers.
- Wentao Wang
- , Ke Feng
- & Zhizhan Xu
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Article |
Large-area display textiles integrated with functional systems
A large electronic display textile that is flexible, breathable and withstands repeated machine-washing is integrated with a keyboard and power supply to create a wearable, durable communication tool.
- Xiang Shi
- , Yong Zuo
- & Huisheng Peng
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Article |
Ligand-engineered bandgap stability in mixed-halide perovskite LEDs
The binding of multidentate ligands to the surface of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals suppresses the formation of surface defects that result in halide segregation, yielding materials with efficient and colour-stable red emission.
- Yasser Hassan
- , Jong Hyun Park
- & Henry J. Snaith
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Article |
Experimental demonstration of the mechanism of steady-state microbunching
The mechanism of steady-state electron microbunching is demonstrated, providing a basis that will enable its full implementation in electron storage rings to generate high-repetition, high-power coherent radiation.
- Xiujie Deng
- , Alexander Chao
- & Lixin Yan
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Article |
Efficient and stable blue quantum dot light-emitting diode
Cadmium-free blue quantum dot light-emitting diodes are constructed with a quantum yield of unity, an efficiency at the theoretical limit, high brightness and long operational lifetime.
- Taehyung Kim
- , Kwang-Hee Kim
- & Eunjoo Jang
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Article |
Plasmonic enhancement of stability and brightness in organic light-emitting devices
Plasmonic effects in organic light-emitting devices, which are normally considered a source of energy loss, are harnessed to enhance the stability of these devices while maintaining operational efficiency.
- Michael A. Fusella
- , Renata Saramak
- & Julia J. Brown
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Article |
Fluorescent bicolour sensor for low-background neutrinoless double β decay experiments
A fluorescent bicolour sensor is proposed as the basis of a barium-tagging technique for the detection of neutrinoless double β decay in xenon gas experiments.
- Iván Rivilla
- , Borja Aparicio
- & Juan J. Gómez-Cadenas
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Article |
Frequency combs induced by phase turbulence
Wave destabilization is demonstrated in semiconductor ring lasers operating at low pumping levels, where ultrafast gain recovery leads to the emergence of a frequency comb regime owing to phase turbulence.
- Marco Piccardo
- , Benedikt Schwarz
- & Federico Capasso
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Article |
Attosecond pulse shaping using a seeded free-electron laser
Generation of intense attosecond waveforms with independently controllable amplitude and phase is performed by using a seeded free-electron laser.
- Praveen Kumar Maroju
- , Cesare Grazioli
- & Giuseppe Sansone
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Article |
Highly efficient and stable InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dot light-emitting diodes
A method of engineering efficient and stable InP/ZnSe/ZnS quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs) has improved their performance to the level of state-of-the-art cadmium-containing QD-LEDs, removing the problem of the toxicity of cadmium in large-panel displays.
- Yu-Ho Won
- , Oul Cho
- & Eunjoo Jang
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Article |
Interlayer exciton laser of extended spatial coherence in atomically thin heterostructures
Efficient lasing from two transition-metal dichalcogenide layers is engineered by exploiting the excitonic states that emerge when the layers are placed together to form a heterostructure.
- Eunice Y. Paik
- , Long Zhang
- & Hui Deng
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Letter |
Ultrafast spin-lasers
Room-temperature modulation frequencies exceeding 200 GHz are demonstrated in birefringent semiconductor spin-lasers by coupling the spin of the charge carriers to the light polarization.
- Markus Lindemann
- , Gaofeng Xu
- & Nils C. Gerhardt
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Letter |
Random anti-lasing through coherent perfect absorption in a disordered medium
Coherent perfect absorption in a disordered medium is demonstrated experimentally in the microwave regime through the realization of a random anti-laser that absorbs engineered radiation with near-perfect efficiency.
- Kevin Pichler
- , Matthias Kühmayer
- & Stefan Rotter
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Letter |
Efficient radical-based light-emitting diodes with doublet emission
Organic light-emitting devices containing radical emitters can achieve an efficiency of 27 per cent at deep-red and infrared wavelengths based on the excitation of spin doublets, rather than singlet or triplet states.
- Xin Ai
- , Emrys W. Evans
- & Feng Li
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Perspective |
LEDs for photons, physiology and food
This Perspective discusses developments in LED-based solid-state lighting for physiological and agricultural applications, and the anticipated benefits in terms of health and productivity.
- P. M. Pattison
- , J. Y. Tsao
- & B. Bugbee
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Letter |
Efficient and stable emission of warm-white light from lead-free halide double perovskites
After alloying with metal cations, a lead-free halide double perovskite shows stable performance and remarkably efficient white-light emission, with possible applications in lighting and display technologies.
- Jiajun Luo
- , Xiaoming Wang
- & Jiang Tang
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Letter |
Perovskite light-emitting diodes with external quantum efficiency exceeding 20 per cent
A strategy for managing the compositional distribution in metal halide perovskite light-emitting diodes enables them to surpass 20% external quantum efficiency—a step towards their practical application in lighting and displays.
- Kebin Lin
- , Jun Xing
- & Zhanhua Wei
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Letter |
Perovskite light-emitting diodes based on spontaneously formed submicrometre-scale structures
The formation of submicrometre-scale structure in perovskite light-emitting diodes can raise their external quantum efficiency beyond 20%, suggesting the possibility of both high efficiency and high brightness.
- Yu Cao
- , Nana Wang
- & Wei Huang
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Letter |
Battery-operated integrated frequency comb generator
Integrating an optical Kerr frequency comb source with an electronically excited laser pump produces a battery-powered comb generator that does not require external lasers, moveable optics or laboratory set-ups.
- Brian Stern
- , Xingchen Ji
- & Michal Lipson
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Letter |
Diode fibres for fabric-based optical communications
A scalable thermal drawing process is used to integrate light-emitting and photodetecting diodes into textile-ready polymer fibres, which can be woven into fabrics with possible optical communication and health monitoring applications.
- Michael Rein
- , Valentine Dominique Favrod
- & Yoel Fink
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Letter |
An optical-frequency synthesizer using integrated photonics
An optical-frequency synthesizer based on stabilized frequency combs has been developed utilizing chip-scale devices as key components, in a move towards using integrated photonics technology for ultrafast science and metrology.
- Daryl T. Spencer
- , Tara Drake
- & Scott B. Papp
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Letter |
Organic long persistent luminescence
A blend of two organic molecules excited by a simple LED light source can release the stored excitation energy slowly as ‘long persistent luminescence’ over periods of up to an hour.
- Ryota Kabe
- & Chihaya Adachi