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'Universal' stem cell-derived therapies promise clinical benefits across a range of conditions. But researchers still need to work out the right combination of genome edits and molecular tools to make it safe, practical, and effective.
Directed evolution uses diversity and competitive selection to make genetic-medicine vectors that deliver their cargo to target tissues more efficiently at lower doses.
Laboratory assessments — from preclinical research through post-marketing surveillance — determine whether a cell-based therapy for cancer succeeds or fails.